Joshua Toulmin: Difference between revisions

Joshua Toulmin
Joshua Toulmin
	File:Drjoshuatoulmin.jpg A Radical Dissenting minister
Born	30 April 1740; London, England
Died	23 July 1815 (aged 75); Birmingham, England
Alma mater	Brown University, Harvard University
Occupation	Dissenting Minister
Spouse	Jane Smith

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Joshua Toulmin (11 May [

Baptist (1765–1803), and then Unitarian (1804–1815) congregations. Toulmin's sympathy for both the American (1775–1783) and French (1787–1799) revolutions led the Englishman to be associated with the United States and gained the prolific historian the reputation of a religious radical.^[1]

Biography

Early life

Toulmin was born in

Coward Trust, located on The Highway in the East End of London

.

The Serial Dissenting Minister

By 1761 at age twenty-one, the Dissenting Academy ordained Toulmin as a

adult baptism and to theologically oppose infant baptism

.

Marriage and descendants

At the age of twenty-four, Toulmin married Jane Smith. The Toulmins eventually had twelve children, of whom only five survived. Toulmin's theological objections to infant baptism possibly extended to infant registration, as none of his children's births were registered.

Socinian (Unitarian) errors."^[5]

Joshua Toulmin Smith was his grandson.

From Presbyterian to Baptist minister

In 1765, at the age of twenty-five, Toulmin transferred himself to his second congregation at Taunton, in

Baptist minister. For the next thirty-nine years, Toulmin lived in Taunton and had charge of the Taunton Baptist congregation at Mary Street Unitarian Chapel,^[6] where he also taught school and published most of his sixty-plus works through which he expressed his anti-England sympathy with both the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) and the French Revolution

(1787–1799).

Because Toulmin favored the United States and France, then-enemies of England, he "could seldom pass through the streets without insult, while to keep company with him was deemed contagious and impossible."^[4] For example, during the French Revolution, an effigy of Thomas Paine was burned before Toulmin's door and his windows were broken.

In 1769, Toulmin received an

Artium Magister (A.M.) degree from the recently founded College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (the former name for Brown University)^[7] in Providence, Rhode Island.^[4]


Pg1 Toulmin 1778 Ltr to Robinson	Pg2 Toulmin 1778 Ltr to Robinson	Pg3 Toulmin 1778 Ltr to Robinson	Pg4 Toulmin 1778 Ltr to Robinson

In 1778, Toulmin wrote to Rev. Robert Robinson of Cambridge requesting copies of Robinson's lectures on nonconformity to use as a guide for Toulmin's own lectures. In the letter (see above), Toulmin expresses his opinion about baptism.^[8]

In 1790, Toulmin carried out a census of Taunton and "counted nearly five and a half thousand people living within the area ringed by the turnpike gates."^[4] He followed up this census with his book, The History of Taunton in the County of Somerset, which was published in 1791 while he held the title schoolmaster.^[9]

In 1794, Toulmin received his Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) diploma from Harvard University in the United States and was accorded the title Doctor.^[1]

In 1798, Toulmin's daughter Jane drowned. In the face of this hardship and his longtime

Heavenly Father."^[4]

From Baptist to Unitarian minister

Somewhere along the way, Toulmin's beliefs changed again from Baptist to Unitarian. In January 1804, at age sixty-four, Toulmin moved to Birmingham, England and accepted a position as one of the pastors of the Birmingham Unitarian congregation, formerly presided over by the co-discover of oxygen, Joseph Priestley. Between 1809 and 1811, Toulmin lived in Birmingham on Paradise Row, and he died there on 23 July 1815, at the age of seventy-five.^[1]

Toulmin initially was buried in the Old Meeting graveyard in Birmingham.

tombstone was moved to the borough cemetery at Witton in 1886. At the time of his death, Toulmin had a plan for an annuitant society for the benefit of widows. However, this society plan came to grief because it was based on London death rates, which differed from those of Birmingham.^[4]

Works

Dr. Toulmin was a prolific writer, and is known to have written over sixty publications in the areas of (i)

periodical publications.[1] Many of his personal letters have survived, and may be seen in Dr. William's Library, 14, Gordon Sq., London WC1H 0AG. In addition, Taunton public library has a copy of his book, "The History of Taunton in the County of Somerset", (published in 1791) and many papers related to him http://archive.is/PbWd. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help

).

Published books

Toulmin, Joshua. (1777). Memoirs of the Life, Character, Sentiments and Writings of Faustus Socinus. Hardcover. Publisher: J. Brown, Portable Printing-Press. ASIN B000FVZYBE.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1800). The name "Lord of Hosts" explained and improved: In a sermon preached in the chapels of Princes Street, Westminster, on 16 February, and Essex Street, Strand, on 23 February 1800. 22 pages. Publisher: Printed by Stower & Hare. Language: English. ASIN B0008BGAFK.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1801). The practical efficacy of the Unitarian doctrine: Considered in a series of letters to the Rev. Andrew Fuller : occasioned by his publication entitled ...of an essay on the grounds of love to Christ. 177 pages. Publisher: Sold by J. Johnson; 2d ed., enl edition. Language: English. ASIN B00087DT8K.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1802). The prospect of future, universal peace: Considered in a sermon preached in the Baptist Chapel in Taunton, in the county of Somerset : on 1 June, ...day of national thanksgiving for the peace. 26 pages. Publisher: Printed by C. Stower. Language: English. ASIN B0008BGADC.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1804). A biographical tribute to the memory of the Rev. Joseph Priestley, L.L.D.F.R.S: In an address to the congregation of Protestant Dissenters at the New Meeting... 22 April 1804, on occasion of his death. 40 pages. Publisher: Printed by James Belcher. Language: English. ASIN B0008ANSUQ
Toulmin, Joshua. (1804). The aim of the apostle Paul's ministry: Considered in a sermon preached at the New Meeting in Birmingham, 8 January 1804, on entering upon the office of one of the pastors in that congregation. 30 pages. Publisher: J. Belcher. Language: English. ASIN B0008B9034
Toulmin, Joshua. (1807). The meaning which the word mystery bears in the New Testament: Considered and applied, in a sermon, preached to an assembly of ministers, on the Thursday morning's lecture, at Exeter, 4 May 1791. 23 pages. Publisher: J. Belcher & Son; 3rd ed edition. Language: English. ASIN B0008B900M
Toulmin, Joshua. (1808). A memoir of Job, an African high priest. 196 pages. Language: English. ASIN B0008B0LY6.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1811). Four discourses on the nature, design, uses and history of the ordinance of baptism: With a preface containing some strictures on Dr. Priestley's "Letter... Frend's "Letters to the Bishop of Lincoln". 93 pages. Publisher: C. Stower. Language: English. ASIN B0008BAHN6.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1813). The reciprocal duties of ministers and people, illustrated and enforced: A sermon delivered at Dudley in Worcestershire on Whit-Tuesday, 8 June 1813, ...and members of neighbouring congregations. 22 pages. Publisher: Printed and published by Orton and Hawkes Smith, also sold by J. Belcher and Son and Sherwood, Neely and Jones. Language: English. ASIN B0008BBAPK.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1814). A free and serious address to the Christian laity, especially such as embracing Unitarian sentiments conform to Trinitarian worship: To which if prefixed... or the Church of England and of dissenters. 111 pages. Publisher: Printed and sold by J. Belcher; 2nd ed edition (1814). Language: English. ASIN B0008C4ALU.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1814). An historical view of the state of the Protestant dissenters in England,: And of the progress of free enquiry and religious liberty, from the revolution to the accession of Queen Anne. 592 pages. Publisher: Printed by R. Cruttwell and sold by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Browne, London (1814). Language: English. ASIN B0006AR1G0.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1814). Family devotion assisted: Containing forms of morning and evening prayers for a fortnight. 132 pages. Publisher: O. and H. Smith. Language: English. ASIN B0008BACKY.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1814). The Unitarian doctrine stated and the objections to it obviated, on the ground of Christ's declaration: A sermon preached before the Devon and Cornwall... of virtue by the distribution of books. 35 pages. Publisher: Printed and sold by O. and H. Smith, and by J. Belcher and Son (1814). Language: English. ASIN B0008B40JI.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1817). A review of the preaching of the Apostles; or, The practical efficacy of the Unitarian doctrine. 59 pages. Publisher: Printed for the Editor by T. Walker (1817). Language: English. ASIN B00089CUFG.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1818). Posthumous discourses of the very venerable Joshua Toulmin, D.D. 457 pages. Publisher: W. Hawkes Smith (1818). Language: English. ASIN B0008BADPI.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1822). The history of Taunton, in the county of Somerset. 608 pages. Publisher: Printed for J. Poole; New ed. greatly enlarged edition. Language: English. ASIN B00087CES6.
Toulmin, Joshua. (1874). The history of Taunton in the county of Somersetshire. 408 pages. Publisher: C.G. Webb. Language: English. ASIN B00087GIFG.
Toulmin, Joshua. A new edition of Neal's History of the Puritans, with notes and additions.^[1]
Toulmin, Joshua. Dissertations on the Internal Evidences of Christianity.^[1]
Toulmin, Joshua. Memories of the Rev. Samuel Bourne (Toulmin's colleague at Birmingham).^[1]
Toulmin, Joshua. Review of the Life, Character, and Writings of John Biddle, [M.A.].^[1]
Toulmin, Joshua. Sermons addressed to Youth, with a Translation of Isocrates's Oration to Demonicus.
Toulmin, Joshua. Sermons on Devotional Subjects.^[1]

Published letters

Toulmin, Joshua. (1778). Letter to Rev. Robert Robinson dated 30 October 1778.
Toulmin, Joshua. Address to Young Men.^[1]
Toulmin, Joshua. Letters to Dr. John Sturges on the Church Establishment.^[1]
Toulmin, Joshua. Two Letters on the Address of the Dissenting Ministers on Subscription.^[1]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Rose, Hugh J., (1857). Google Book Search. A New General Biographical Dictionary. Vol. I. London: B. Fellowes, 1857. Obtained 21 October 2006.
^ On 14 September 1752, the British Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar, making it necessary to skip eleven days (e.g., 2 September being followed directly by 14 September 1752). Since Toulmin was alive at the time of Gregorian calendar transition, his birth date was advanced by some records to 11 May but not advanced by other records, thereby creating some confusion.
^ "Jennings, David" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Calvert-Toulmin, Bruce. (2006) Toulmin Family Home Page. "Joshua Toulmin (*1331) 1740–1815". Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Obtained 21 October 2006.
^ Keyes, Clara. (2006). Unitarian Universalist Historical Society (UUHS). Harry Toulmin. Obtained 21 October 2006.
^ ^a ^b Taunton's Historic Unitarian Congregation and Chapel (Dec. 2005). Unitarian Chapel, Mary Street, Taunton. Obtained 21 October 2006.
^ Brown University was founded in 1764, five years prior to Toulmin's A.M. degree, and was then known as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
^ Toulmin, Joshua. (1778). Letter to Rev. Robert Robinson dated 30 October 1778. Pg. 1, Pg. 2, Pg. 3, Pg. 4.
^ Bush, Robin, The Book of Taunton.
^ The earliest nonconformist place of worship in Birmingham of which any record remains was "The Old Meeting," which, with its graveyard, was removed in 1882 for the enlargement of the railway station in New Street. Spencer, Andrew, (2005). Nonconformism in Birmingham. (Excerpt by Spencer from The British Association Handbook of Birmingham, 1886.) Obtained 21 October 2006.
^ "Amazon.com: Joshua Toulmin: Books". amazon.com.

External links

Rose, Hugh J., (1857). A New General Biographical Dictionary, vol. I. London: B. Fellowes, 1857. Obtained 21 October 2006.
Calvert-Toulmin, Bruce, (2006). Toulmin Family Home Page. "Joshua Toulmin (*1331) 1740–1815". Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Obtained 21 October 2006.
Template:Wayback

Template:Persondata

[Rose-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Rose, Hugh J., (1857). Google Book Search. A New General Biographical Dictionary. Vol. I. London: B. Fellowes, 1857. Obtained 21 October 2006.

[calendar-2] On 14 September 1752, the British Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar, making it necessary to skip eleven days (e.g., 2 September being followed directly by 14 September 1752). Since Toulmin was alive at the time of Gregorian calendar transition, his birth date was advanced by some records to 11 May but not advanced by other records, thereby creating some confusion.

[3] "Jennings, David" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

[Toulmin-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Calvert-Toulmin, Bruce. (2006) Toulmin Family Home Page. "Joshua Toulmin (*1331) 1740–1815". Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Obtained 21 October 2006.

[Keyes-5] Keyes, Clara. (2006). Unitarian Universalist Historical Society (UUHS). Harry Toulmin. Obtained 21 October 2006.

[Tauton-6] Taunton's Historic Unitarian Congregation and Chapel (Dec. 2005). Unitarian Chapel, Mary Street, Taunton. Obtained 21 October 2006.

[Brown-7] Brown University was founded in 1764, five years prior to Toulmin's A.M. degree, and was then known as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

[8] Toulmin, Joshua. (1778). Letter to Rev. Robert Robinson dated 30 October 1778. Pg. 1, Pg. 2, Pg. 3, Pg. 4.

[Bush-9] Bush, Robin, The Book of Taunton.

[10] The earliest nonconformist place of worship in Birmingham of which any record remains was "The Old Meeting," which, with its graveyard, was removed in 1882 for the enlargement of the railway station in New Street. Spencer, Andrew, (2005). Nonconformism in Birmingham. (Excerpt by Spencer from The British Association Handbook of Birmingham, 1886.) Obtained 21 October 2006.

[Amazon-11] "Amazon.com: Joshua Toulmin: Books". amazon.com.

[1]

[5]

[6]

[4]

[7]

[8]

[9]

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 ====Marriage and descendants====
-At the age of twenty-four, Toulmin married Jane Smith. The Toulmins eventually had twelve children, of whom only five survived. Toulmin's theological objections to infant baptism possibly extended to infant registration, as none of his children's births were registered.<ref name = "Toulmin">Calvert-Toulmin, Bruce. (2006) Toulmin Family Home Page. {{cite web|url=http://www.toulmin.family.btinternet.co.uk/joshua.htm|title=Joshua Toulmin (*1331) 1740–1815.|archiveurl=http://archive.is/PbWd|archivedate=2012-09-12}} Obtained 21 October 2006.{{dead link|date=November 2012|bot=Legobot}}</ref> Their eldest son, [[Harry Toulmin (Unitarian minister)|Harry Toulmin]], went on to became a [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] minister and then emigrated to America, where eventually he was forced to resign as President of [[Transylvania University|Transylvania Seminary]] in [[Lexington, Kentucky]] "under disapproval of his [[Socinian]] (Unitarian) errors."<ref name = "Keyes">Keyes, Clara. (2006). [[Unitarian Universalist Historical Society]] (UUHS). [http://www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/harrytoulmin.html Harry Toulmin.] Obtained 21 October 2006.</ref>
+At the age of twenty-four, Toulmin married Jane Smith. The Toulmins eventually had twelve children, of whom only five survived. Toulmin's theological objections to infant baptism possibly extended to infant registration, as none of his children's births were registered.<ref name = "Toulmin">Calvert-Toulmin, Bruce. (2006) Toulmin Family Home Page. {{cite web|url=http://www.toulmin.family.btinternet.co.uk/joshua.htm|title=Joshua Toulmin (*1331) 1740–1815.|archiveurl=http://archive.is/PbWd|archivedate=12 September 2012}} Obtained 21 October 2006.</ref> Their eldest son, [[Harry Toulmin (Unitarian minister)|Harry Toulmin]], went on to became a [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] minister and then emigrated to America, where eventually he was forced to resign as President of [[Transylvania University|Transylvania Seminary]] in [[Lexington, Kentucky]] "under disapproval of his [[Socinian]] (Unitarian) errors."<ref name = "Keyes">Keyes, Clara. (2006). [[Unitarian Universalist Historical Society]] (UUHS). [http://www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/harrytoulmin.html Harry Toulmin.] Obtained 21 October 2006.</ref>
 [[Joshua Toulmin Smith]] was his grandson.
@@ Line 61: / Line 61: @@
 ==Works==
-Dr. Toulmin was a prolific writer, and is known to have written over sixty publications in the areas of (i) [[religion]] and [[spirituality]], [[history]], [[parenting]] and families, [[reference]], and [[nonfiction]].<ref name = "Amazon">{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/index=books&field-author-exact=Joshua%20Toulmin&rank=-relevance%2C%2Bavailability%2C-daterank/104-4605758-7816752|title=Amazon.com: Joshua Toulmin: Books|work=amazon.com}}</ref> He occasionally contributed to the ''[[Theological Repository]]'', ''[[The Nonconformists' Memorial]]'', ''[[The Monthly Magazine]]'', and other [[periodical]] publications.[http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC24294348&id=o3HauIguws0C&pg=PA267&lpg=PA267&dq=joshua+toulmin+1740] Many of his personal letters have survived, and may be seen in [[Dr Williams's Library|Dr. William's Library]], 14, Gordon Sq., London WC1H 0AG. In addition, Taunton public library has a copy of his book, "The History of Taunton in the County of Somerset", (published in 1791) and many papers related to him {{cite web|url=http://www.toulmin.family.btinternet.co.uk/joshua.htm|title=|archiveurl=http://archive.is/PbWd|archivedate=2012-09-12}}.
+Dr. Toulmin was a prolific writer, and is known to have written over sixty publications in the areas of (i) [[religion]] and [[spirituality]], [[history]], [[parenting]] and families, [[reference]], and [[nonfiction]].<ref name = "Amazon">{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/index=books&field-author-exact=Joshua%20Toulmin&rank=-relevance%2C%2Bavailability%2C-daterank/104-4605758-7816752|title=Amazon.com: Joshua Toulmin: Books|work=amazon.com}}</ref> He occasionally contributed to the ''[[Theological Repository]]'', ''[[The Nonconformists' Memorial]]'', ''[[The Monthly Magazine]]'', and other [[periodical]] publications.[http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC24294348&id=o3HauIguws0C&pg=PA267&lpg=PA267&dq=joshua+toulmin+1740] Many of his personal letters have survived, and may be seen in [[Dr Williams's Library|Dr. William's Library]], 14, Gordon Sq., London WC1H 0AG. In addition, Taunton public library has a copy of his book, "The History of Taunton in the County of Somerset", (published in 1791) and many papers related to him {{cite web|url=http://www.toulmin.family.btinternet.co.uk/joshua.htm|title=|archiveurl=http://archive.is/PbWd|archivedate=12 September 2012}}.
 ===Published books===
@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 * Toulmin, Joshua. (1800). ''The name "Lord of Hosts" explained and improved: In a sermon preached in the chapels of Princes Street, Westminster, on 16 February, and Essex Street, Strand, on 23 February 1800.'' 22 pages. Publisher: Printed by Stower & Hare. Language: English. ASIN B0008BGAFK.
 * Toulmin, Joshua. (1801). ''The practical efficacy of the Unitarian doctrine: Considered in a series of letters to the Rev. Andrew Fuller : occasioned by his publication entitled ...of an essay on the grounds of love to Christ.'' 177 pages. Publisher: Sold by J. Johnson; 2d ed., enl edition. Language: English. ASIN B00087DT8K.
-* Toulmin, Joshua. (1802). ''The prospect of future, universal peace: Considered in a sermon preached in the Baptist Chapel in Taunton, in the county of Somerset : on the 1st of June, ...day of national thanksgiving for the peace.'' 26 pages. Publisher: Printed by C. Stower. Language: English. ASIN B0008BGADC.
+* Toulmin, Joshua. (1802). ''The prospect of future, universal peace: Considered in a sermon preached in the Baptist Chapel in Taunton, in the county of Somerset : on 1 June, ...day of national thanksgiving for the peace.'' 26 pages. Publisher: Printed by C. Stower. Language: English. ASIN B0008BGADC.
 * Toulmin, Joshua. (1804). ''A biographical tribute to the memory of the Rev. [[Joseph Priestley]], L.L.D.F.R.S: In an address to the congregation of Protestant Dissenters at the New Meeting... 22 April 1804, on occasion of his death.'' 40 pages. Publisher: Printed by James Belcher. Language: English. ASIN B0008ANSUQ
 * Toulmin, Joshua. (1804). ''The aim of the apostle Paul's ministry: Considered in a sermon preached at the New Meeting in Birmingham, 8 January 1804, on entering upon the office of one of the pastors in that congregation.'' 30 pages. Publisher: J. Belcher. Language: English. ASIN B0008B9034
@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 ===Published letters===
 * Toulmin, Joshua. (1778). ''Letter to Rev. Robert Robinson dated 30 October 1778.''
 * Toulmin, Joshua. ''Address to Young Men''.<ref name = "Rose" />
 * Toulmin, Joshua. ''Letters to Dr. John Sturges on the Church Establishment''.<ref name = "Rose" />
@@ Line 101: / Line 101: @@
 {{Portal|United Kingdom|Christianity|Biography}}
 *[[Hugh James Rose|Rose, Hugh J.]], (1857). [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC24294348&id=o3HauIguws0C&pg=PA267&lpg=PA267&dq=joshua+toulmin+1740 ''A New General Biographical Dictionary''], vol. I. London: B. Fellowes, 1857. Obtained 21 October 2006.
-*Calvert-Toulmin, Bruce, (2006). Toulmin Family Home Page. {{cite web|url=http://www.toulmin.family.btinternet.co.uk/joshua.htm|title=Joshua Toulmin (*1331) 1740–1815.|archiveurl=http://archive.is/PbWd|archivedate=2012-09-12}} Obtained 21 October 2006.
+*Calvert-Toulmin, Bruce, (2006). Toulmin Family Home Page. {{cite web|url=http://www.toulmin.family.btinternet.co.uk/joshua.htm|title=Joshua Toulmin (*1331) 1740–1815.|archiveurl=http://archive.is/PbWd|archivedate=12 September 2012}} Obtained 21 October 2006.
-*{{Wayback |date=20070814061819 |url=http://www.toulmin.family.btinternet.co.uk/ |title=Toulmin Family Home Page }}
+*{{Wayback |df=yes|date=20070814061819 |url=http://www.toulmin.family.btinternet.co.uk/ |title=Toulmin Family Home Page }}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
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