Syriza: Difference between revisions
Extended confirmed users 17,440 edits Further content & source added |
|||
Line 179: | Line 179: | ||
Syriza has been characterised as an [[anti-establishment]] party,<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.carleton.ca/rera/wp-content/uploads/2012-issue7-v1-Nedelcupdf1.pdf|title=Tribunes and Patricians: Radical Fringe Parties in the 21st Century|publisher=carleton.ca|format=PDF|date=2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://insights.abnamro.nl/en/global-daily-europes-political-risks/|title=Global Daily - Europe's political risks |work=ABN AMRO Insights}}</ref> whose success has sent "shock-waves across the [[EU]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22396875|title=Anti-establishment parties defy EU|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Although it has abandoned its old identity, that of a hard-left protest voice, becoming more [[populism|populist]] in character, and stating that it will not abandon the [[eurozone]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30481307?ocid=socialflow_twitter|title=BBC News - Greek radical left SYRIZA prepares for power under Tsipras|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> its chairman [[Alexis Tsipras]] has declared that the "euro is not my fetish".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.protothema.gr/politics/article/375230/a-tsipras-to-euro-den-einai-fetih-oute-ego-harru-potter/|title=Αλ. Τσίπρας: "Το ευρώ δεν είναι φετίχ, ούτε εγώ Χάρι Πότερ"|work=Proto Thema|date=1 May 2014}}</ref> The [[Eighth European Parliament#Vice-Presidents|Vice President of the European Parliament]] and Syriza [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]] [[Dimitrios Papadimoulis]] stated that Greece should "be a respectable member of the European Union and the euro zone"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bianchi|first1=Alfonso|title=Syriza: we are not a anti-European monster, we are explaining it to hawks and markets too (INTERVIEW)|url=http://www.eunews.it/2014/12/29/syriza-not-anti-european-monster-explaining-hawks-markets-interview/27739|accessdate=1 January 2015|publisher=EUnews - European News Service|date=29 December 2014}}</ref> and that "there is absolutely no case for a [[Greek withdrawal from the eurozone|Grexit]]".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Michalopoulos|first1=Sarantis|title=SYRIZA reiterates its commitment to the eurozone|url=http://www.euractiv.com/sections/euro-finance/syriza-reiterates-its-commitment-eurozone-310906|accessdate=1 January 2015|publisher=EurActiv Greece|date=17 December 2014}}</ref> Although Alexis Tsipras clarified that Syriza "does not support any sort of Euroscepticism",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tovima.gr/en/article/?aid=593303|title=Alexis Tsipras: "We do not support any sort of Euroscepticism"|author=TO BHMA International|date=7 May 2014|work=TO BHMA International}}</ref> at the same time, the party is seen as a mildly [[Eurosceptic]] force.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/ukip-isnt-the-only-eurosceptic-party-on-the-rise-but-the-union-is-safe-for-now-8615944.html|title=Ukip isn't the only Eurosceptic party on the rise. But the Union is safe for now|author=Richard Mylles}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://crisisobs.gr/en/2014/05/party-euroscepticism-in-greece-during-the-financial-crisis-the-cases-of-syriza-and-chrysi-avgi/|title=Party Euroscepticism in Greece during the Financial Crisis, the Cases of SYRIZA and Chrysi Avgi|publisher=Crisis Observatory|date=27 May 2014|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref> |
Syriza has been characterised as an [[anti-establishment]] party,<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.carleton.ca/rera/wp-content/uploads/2012-issue7-v1-Nedelcupdf1.pdf|title=Tribunes and Patricians: Radical Fringe Parties in the 21st Century|publisher=carleton.ca|format=PDF|date=2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://insights.abnamro.nl/en/global-daily-europes-political-risks/|title=Global Daily - Europe's political risks |work=ABN AMRO Insights}}</ref> whose success has sent "shock-waves across the [[EU]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22396875|title=Anti-establishment parties defy EU|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Although it has abandoned its old identity, that of a hard-left protest voice, becoming more [[populism|populist]] in character, and stating that it will not abandon the [[eurozone]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30481307?ocid=socialflow_twitter|title=BBC News - Greek radical left SYRIZA prepares for power under Tsipras|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> its chairman [[Alexis Tsipras]] has declared that the "euro is not my fetish".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.protothema.gr/politics/article/375230/a-tsipras-to-euro-den-einai-fetih-oute-ego-harru-potter/|title=Αλ. Τσίπρας: "Το ευρώ δεν είναι φετίχ, ούτε εγώ Χάρι Πότερ"|work=Proto Thema|date=1 May 2014}}</ref> The [[Eighth European Parliament#Vice-Presidents|Vice President of the European Parliament]] and Syriza [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]] [[Dimitrios Papadimoulis]] stated that Greece should "be a respectable member of the European Union and the euro zone"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bianchi|first1=Alfonso|title=Syriza: we are not a anti-European monster, we are explaining it to hawks and markets too (INTERVIEW)|url=http://www.eunews.it/2014/12/29/syriza-not-anti-european-monster-explaining-hawks-markets-interview/27739|accessdate=1 January 2015|publisher=EUnews - European News Service|date=29 December 2014}}</ref> and that "there is absolutely no case for a [[Greek withdrawal from the eurozone|Grexit]]".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Michalopoulos|first1=Sarantis|title=SYRIZA reiterates its commitment to the eurozone|url=http://www.euractiv.com/sections/euro-finance/syriza-reiterates-its-commitment-eurozone-310906|accessdate=1 January 2015|publisher=EurActiv Greece|date=17 December 2014}}</ref> Although Alexis Tsipras clarified that Syriza "does not support any sort of Euroscepticism",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tovima.gr/en/article/?aid=593303|title=Alexis Tsipras: "We do not support any sort of Euroscepticism"|author=TO BHMA International|date=7 May 2014|work=TO BHMA International}}</ref> at the same time, the party is seen as a mildly [[Eurosceptic]] force.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/ukip-isnt-the-only-eurosceptic-party-on-the-rise-but-the-union-is-safe-for-now-8615944.html|title=Ukip isn't the only Eurosceptic party on the rise. But the Union is safe for now|author=Richard Mylles}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://crisisobs.gr/en/2014/05/party-euroscepticism-in-greece-during-the-financial-crisis-the-cases-of-syriza-and-chrysi-avgi/|title=Party Euroscepticism in Greece during the Financial Crisis, the Cases of SYRIZA and Chrysi Avgi|publisher=Crisis Observatory|date=27 May 2014|accessdate=26 September 2015}}</ref> |
||
In July 2015, Lapavitsas endorsed [[Jeremy Corbyn]]'s [[Jeremy Corbyn Labour Party leadership campaign, 2015|campaign]] in [[Labour Party (UK) leadership election, 2015|Labour Party leadership election]]. He said: "If he [Jeremy Corbyn] succeeds - and I hope he does - he's exactly what Britain could do with, what the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] could do with. I think that would be a very important move for the rest of Europe and for Greece. It would give a boost to the kind of thinking that would be necessary in the rest of Europe that is so sadly lacking at the moment. It would be the best thing to come out of Britain for Europe in a long time." Marina Prentoulis, a UK spokesperson for Syriza, said Corbyn's election would make Labour "relevant again". She said the party's defeat in the general election was due to the fact that it had failed to differentiate itself from the "neo-liberal message" of the Conservative party that balancing the books was the only way to fix the economy.<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news |last=Chan|first=Szu Ping|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11760606/Jeremy-Corbyn-is-the-best-thing-to-come-out-of-Britain-says-Greeces-hard-left-Syriza-party.html|title=Jeremy Corbyn 'is the best thing to come out of Britain' says Greece's hard left Syriza party|work= |location= |publisher=''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''|date=24 July 2015|accessdate=15 July 2017}}</ref> |
|||
===Group of 53=== |
===Group of 53=== |
Revision as of 11:28, 15 July 2017
Syriza Συνασπισμός Ριζοσπαστικής Αριστεράς | ||
---|---|---|
Regional Governors 2 / 13 | ||
Website | ||
www | ||
The Coalition of the Radical Left
The party colours are red (left-wing politics), green (green politics), and purple (social movements).[19] The current leader and prime minister of Syriza is Alexis Tsipras.
History
Formation
Although Syriza was launched before the
The "Space" provided the common ground from which the participating parties could work together on issues such as:
- Against the social securitysystems
- Opposition to new anti-terrorism legislation
- The preparation of the Greek participation at the 2001 international demonstration in Genoa.[22]
- Review the role of the European Union and redetermine Greece's position on it.
Even though the "Space" was not a political organisation, but rather an effort to bring together the parties and organisations that attended, it gave birth to some electoral alliances for the
2004 general election
The defining moment for the birth of Syriza came with the
The parties that had formed the Coalition of the Radical Left in January 2004 were the:
- Coalition of Left, of Movements and Ecology(Synaspismós or SYN)
- Renewing Communist Ecological Left (AKOA)
- Internationalist Workers Left (DEA)
- Movement for the United in Action Left (KEDA) (a splinter group of the Communist Party of Greece)
- Active Citizens (a political organisation associated with Manolis Glezos)
- Other independent left-wing groups or activists
Although the Communist Organisation of Greece (KOE) had participated in the "Space", it decided not to take part in the Coalition.[why?][27]
In the election, the coalition gathered 241,539 votes (3.3% of the total) and elected six members to parliament. All six were members of Synaspismós, the largest of the coalition parties. This led to much tension within the coalition.
Crisis and revitalisation
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Alekos_Alavanos_speech_2007.jpg/220px-Alekos_Alavanos_speech_2007.jpg)
After the 2004 election, the smaller parties accused Synaspismós of not honouring an agreement to have one of its members of parliament resign so that Yannis Banias of the AKOA could take his seat.
Three months after the 2004 legislative elections, Synaspismós chose to run independently from the rest of the coalition for the
The crisis ended in December 2004 with the 4th convention of Synaspismós, when a large majority within the party voted for the continuation of the coalition.[30] This change of attitude was further intensified with the election of Alekos Alavanos, a staunch supporter of the coalition,[31] as president of Synaspismós, after its former leader, Nikos Konstantopoulos, stepped down.
The coalition was further strengthened by the organisation in May 2006 of the
2007 legislative election
On 16 September 2007, Syriza gained 5.0% of the vote in the
Prior to the election, on 22 June, the participating parties had agreed on a common declaration. The signed Declaration of the Coalition of the Radical Left outlined the common platform on which the Coalition would compete in the following election and outlined the basis for the political alliance.
The Coalition of 2007 has also expanded from its original composition in 2004. On 20 June 2007, the Communist Organisation of Greece (KOE) announced its participation into the Coalition.[33] On 21 August the environmentalist Ecological Intervention (Greek: Οικολογική Παρέμβαση) also joined,[34] and on 22 August 2007, the Democratic Social Movement (DIKKI) also announced its participation in the Coalition.[35]
On 2 September, the
2007–2011
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Greek_parliamentary_elections_2009_debate.jpg/220px-Greek_parliamentary_elections_2009_debate.jpg)
On 27 November 2007, Alavanos announced that, for private reasons, he would not be seeking to renew his presidency of Synaspismós.[37] The 5th party congress of Synaspismós elected Alexis Tsipras, a municipal councillor for the municipality of Athens, as party president on 10 February 2008. Alavanos retained the parliamentary leadership of Syriza, however, as Tsipras was not at that time a member of parliament. Tsipras achieved considerable popularity with the Greek electorate, which led to a significant increase in support for Syriza in opinion polls – up to 18 percent at its peak.[38]
At the end of June 2008, Xekinima announced that it would join the coalition.[39]
During the run-up to the
In the
In June 2010, the Ananeotiki ("Renewing Wing") of radical social democrats in Synapsismós split away from the party, at the same time leaving Syriza. This reduced Syriza's parliamentary group to 9 MPs. The 4 MPs who left formed a new party, the Democratic Left (DIMAR).
2012 general elections
In a move of voters away from the parties which participated in the coalition government under the premiership of
In
For the
Unitary party
In July 2013, a Syriza congress was held to discuss the organisation of the party. Important outcomes included a decision in principle to dissolve the participating parties in Syriza in favour of a unitary party. However, implementation was deferred for three months to allow time for four of the parties which were reluctant to dissolve to consider their positions. Tsipras was confirmed as chairman with 74% of the vote. However delegates supporting the Left Platform (Greek: "Αριστερή Πλάτφορμα") led by Panayiotis Lafazanis, which wanted to leave the door open to quitting the euro, secured 30% (60) of the seats on Syriza's central committee.
2014 elections
Local elections and elections to the European Parliament were held in May 2014. In the
Thessaloniki Programme
On 13 September 2014, Syriza unveiled the Thessaloniki Programme, a set of policy proposals containing its central demands for economic and political restructuring.[48]
January 2015 election
After the
Tsipras was congratulated by French president
Government formation
- See also Thirteenth austerity package (Greece)
On 26 January 2015, Tsipras and
Party split and September 2015 election
Following the acceptance by Tsipras and the Syriza government of the third Memorandum with the European Union on Greece's debt, 25 Syriza MPs who rejected the terms of the bailout, including the party's Left Platform and the Internationalist Workers Left faction, split to form a new party Popular Unity (Greek: Λαϊκή Ενότητα, Laïkí Enótita). They were led by Panagiotis Lafazanis.[61]
Having lost his majority in the Greek Parliament, Tsipras resigned as Prime Minister on 20 August 2015, and called a fresh
Although polls suggested a close contest between Syriza and New Democracy, in the event Syriza led ND by 7%, winning 145 seats. Popular Unity polled below the 3% threshold and therefore had no parliamentary representation. Tsipras renewed Syriza's previous coalition agreement with the Independent Greeks, giving the new government 155 seats out of 300 in the Greek Parliament.
Cabinet members
Members of the new Cabinet were sworn in on 23 September 2015:[63]
- Alexis Tsipras – Prime Minister
- Giannis Dragasakis– Deputy Prime Minister
- Efklidis Tsakalotos – Finance
- Giorgos Stathakis – Economy, Development and Tourism
- Georgios Katrougalos – Labour and Social Affairs
- Nikos Toskas – Citizens' Protection
- Nikos Mouzalas – Immigration Policy
- Panos Skourletis – Environment and Energy
- Nikos Kotzias – Foreign Affairs
- Panagiotis Kouroumblis – Interior
- Nikos Paraskevopoulos – Justice, Transparency & Human Rights
- Aristides Baltas – Culture and Sports
- Nikos Filis – Education, Research and Religious Affairs
- Andreas Xanthos – Health and Welfare
- Christos Spirtzis – Infrastructure, Transport and Networks
- Thodoris Dritsas – Maritime Affairs and Island Policy
- Vangelis Apostolou– Rural Development and Food
- Alekos Flambouraris – Coordinating Government Operations
- Nikos Pappas – State
- Olga Gerovassili– Government Spokesperson
The Ministry of Defence was filled by a non-Syriza nominee, Panos Kammenos of the Independent Greeks (ANEL).
Former constituent parties
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SYRIZA_flags_2007.jpg/250px-SYRIZA_flags_2007.jpg)
Syriza as a unitary party was formed through the merger of the following parties (in alphabetical order in English):[64]
- Active Citizens (Ενεργοί Πολίτες): democratic socialism, patriotism
- Anticapitalist Political Group (ΑΠΟ): communism, Trotskyism, anti-capitalism
- Citizens' Association of Riga (Velestinli): patriotism, internationalism, democracy, ecology, social justice[65]
- Coalition of Left, of Movements and Ecology (Synaspismós or SYN): democratic socialism,[66] eco-socialism,[5] eurocommunism,[67] environmentalism,[66] feminism[66]
- Communist Organisation of Greece (KOE): maoism, communism
- Communist Platform of SYRIZA: Greek section of the
- Democratic Social Movement (DIKKI): left-wing nationalism, socialism,[69] Euroscepticism[70]
- Ecosocialists of Greece: eco-socialism, green politics
- Internationalist Workers' Left (DEA): revolutionary socialism, communism, Trotskyism
- Movement for the United in Action Left (KEDA): communism, Marxism–Leninism
- New Fighter: democratic socialism, social democracy
- Luxemburgism, feminism
- Radicals (Ριζοσπάστες): democratic socialism, patriotism
- Red (Κόκκινο): communism, Trotskyism
- Renewing Communist Ecological Left (AKOA): democratic socialism, Eurocommunism, green politics
- radicalism, social liberalism, centrism
- Unitary Movement: democratic socialism, social democracy
- Also a number of independent leftist activists
Ideology
The Syriza coalition was founded by a broad array of thirteen groups and independent politicians, including
Syriza has been characterised as an
In July 2015, Lapavitsas endorsed
Group of 53
The Group of 53, also known as 53+, are a faction within Syriza. The group was founded in mid-2014 and stands ideologically between the Left Platform and Tsipras's core backers. Both Euclid Tsakalotos and Gabriel Sakellaridis are members of the group. Another member of the group was Tassos Koronakis, the former secretary of the Syriza Central Committee who resigned following the announcement of the snap elections in September 2015.[84]
Left Platform
The Left Platform were a faction within Syriza, positioned ideologically on the far-left of the party.[84] In August 2015, 25 Left Platform MPs within Syriza left and the party and formed Popular Unity to contest the snap elections. The grouping was led by former energy minister Panagiotis Lafazanis.[85]
Election results
Hellenic Parliament
Election | Hellenic Parliament | Rank | Government | Leader | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Seats won | +/− | ||||
2004 A
|
241,539 | 3.3% | ![]() |
6 / 300
|
±0 | #4 | Opposition | Nikos Konstantopoulos |
2007
|
361,211 | 5.0% | ![]() |
14 / 300
|
![]() |
#4 | Opposition | Alekos Alavanos |
2009
|
315,627 | 4.6% | ![]() |
13 / 300
|
![]() |
#5 | Opposition | Alexis Tsipras |
05/2012
|
1,061,265 | 16.8% | ![]() |
52 / 300
|
![]() |
#2 | Opposition | Alexis Tsipras |
06/2012
|
1,655,022 | 26.9% | ![]() |
71 / 300
|
![]() |
#2 | Opposition | Alexis Tsipras |
01/2015 B
|
2,245,978 | 36.3% | ![]() |
149 / 300
|
![]() |
#1 | Coalition gov't SYRIZA-ANEL |
Alexis Tsipras |
09/2015
|
1,925,904 | 35.5% | ![]() |
145 / 300
|
![]() |
#1 | Coalition gov't SYRIZA-ANEL |
Alexis Tsipras |
A 2004 results are compared to the Synaspismos totals in the 2000 election.
B 01/2015 results are compared to the combined totals for Syriza and OP totals in the 06/2012 election.
European Parliament
European Parliament | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Election | Votes | % | ±pp | Seats won | +/− | Rank | Leader |
2009
|
240,898 | 4.7% | ![]() |
1 / 22
|
±0 | #5 | Alexis Tsipras |
2014
|
1,518,608 | 26.6% | ![]() |
6 / 21
|
![]() |
#1 | Alexis Tsipras |
A 2009 results are compared to the Synaspismos totals in the 2004 election.
Party leaders
# | Leader | Portrait | Term of office | Prime Minister | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
style="background:Template:Coalition of the Radical Left/meta/color; color:white;" | | 1 | Alekos Alavanos | ![]() |
2004 | 4 October 2009 | — |
style="background:Template:Coalition of the Radical Left/meta/color; color:white;" | | 2 | Alexis Tsipras | ![]() |
4 October 2009 | Incumbent | 2015 2015– |
European parliament
SYRIZA held six seats in the
- Manolis Glezos
- Sofia Sakorafa
- Dimitris Papadimoulis
- Stelios Kouloglou
- Konstantina Kouneva
- Konstantinos Chrysogonos
Notes
References
- ^ "EUROPE ONLINE".
- ^ "Ενιαίο κόμμα ο ΣΥΡΙΖΑ". Ta Nea (in Greek). 22 May 2012.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram, "Greece", Parties and Elections in Europe, retrieved 15 March 2012
- ^ Katsambekis, Giorgos. "Left-wing Populism in the European Periphery: The Case of SYRIZA". academia.edu.
- ^ a b Backes, Uwe; Moreau, Patrick (2008), Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pp. 571–575
- ^ Nianias, Helen (27 January 2015). "Russell Brand calls for UK to join Greek revolution after anti-capitalist anti-austerity coalition SYRIZA wins in Athens". The Independent. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ Greece: Phase One. Jacobin. 22 January 2015.
- ^ Backes, Uwe; Moreau, Patrick (2008), Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, p. 575,
The cooperation with the alter-globalization movement shapes the life of the party.
- ^ "Tsipras and the Atheists: The Role of Secularism in Greece's Financial Crisis". The Humanist. 14 July 2015.
- ^ http://theconversation.com/what-britain-should-learn-from-syriza-and-greek-eurosceptics-40653
- ISBN 9781475812305.
- ^ "Greece anti-bailout leader Tsipras made prime minister". BBC News. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ Featherstone, Kevin (8 May 2012). "Greece implodes as protests drown out its European vocation". LSE Research Online. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "EU wakes up to euro uncertainty following SYRIZA's victory in Greece". Deutsche Welle. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ "EL-Parties | European Left". Party of the European Left. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- ^ "SYRIZA - GUE/NGL". GUE/NGL. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- ^ "Greece's leftists now officially called Coalition of the Radical Left (in English)". Kathimerini. 1 January 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
- ^ "TheFreeDictionary.com" (in Greek). El.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ "ΣΥΡΙΖΑ Συνασπισμός Ριζοσπαστικής Αριστεράς". www.syriza.gr. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
- ^ "Press conference of the "Space"". Synaspismos. 15 May 2001. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ "Greece, SYRIZA promises rights for migrants and gays".
- ^ "Overcoming division". 3 June 2001. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
- ^ "A catalogue of such electoral alliances". Η Εποχή. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ "Greek Social Forum". Hellenic Social Forum. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ "Δηλώσεις του Υπεύθυνου Τύπου του ΣΥΝ σχετικά με την Πρωτοβουλία για τη Συσπείρωση της Αριστεράς" (in Greek). 17 December 2003. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
- ^ "Tο μανιφέστο του Συνασπισμού". BBC Greek.
- ^ test. "Τοποθέτηση ψήφου της ΚΟΕ για τις βουλευτικές εκλογές του 2004, Φλεβάρης 2004". koel.gr. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "Αριστεροί χορευτές σε αυταρχικό χορό δεν χορεύουν". Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ^ "Ευρωεκλογές χωρίς τα προβλήματα της Ευρώπης". Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ^ "Chapter 9 of the Political Decisions of the 4th convention of the Synaspismos" (PDF).
- ^ "Ομιλία του Αλέκου Αλαβάνου στο 4ο Συνέδριο του Συνασπισμού" (in Greek). 10 December 2004. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
- the relevant Wikipedia entry
- ^ "Στον ΣΥΡΙΖΑ προσχώρησε η Κομμουνιστική Οργάνωση Ελλάδας". in.gr. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ "Δελτίο Τύπου". 21 August 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
- ^ "Συνέντευξη τύπου Αλ. Αλαβάνου". 22 August 2007. Archived from the original on 22 January 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
- ^ "ΤΟ ΔΗΚΚΙ ΘΑ ΣΥΜΜΕΤΑΣΧΕΙ ΑΚΟΜΑ ΠΙΟ ΜΑΧΗΤΙΚΑ ΣΤΙΣ ΕΠΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΕΣ ΕΚΛΟΓΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΘΑ ΒΡΙΣΚΕΤΑΙ ΣΤΗ ΝΕΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ". 2 September 2007. Archived from the original on 20 September 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
- ^ "Synaspismos press release". Synaspismos. 27 November 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ "Governing new democrats still lead in Greece". Angus-Reid. 5 March 2008. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ^ Χριστίνα Ζιάκα (10 June 2008). Απόφαση του Ξεκινήματος για συμμετοχή στο Συριζα (in Greek). Ξεκίνημα. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
- ^ "Alavanos reverses decision". HR-Net. 23 June 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- Next Greek legislative election
- ^ Xypolia, Ilia (May 2012). "Sorry, folks..the wake is over". London Progressive Journal. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
- ^ "Greek radical left leader rejects coalition talks: official". Reuters. 13 May 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
- ^ "Ενιαίο κόμμα ο ΣΥΡΙΖΑ (SYRIZA a single party)" (in Greek). Ta Nea. 22 May 2012.
- ^ "Σκιώδη κυβέρνηση όρισε ο Αλέξης Τσίπρας", madata.gr, 04 Ιουλίου 2012.
- ^ "Tsipras still leader but rifts remain". Kathimerini. 15 July 2013.
- ^ Papakonstantinou, Sofia. "Founding congress of SYRIZA: an opportunity for a much needed change of programme and tactics". In Defence of Marxism.
- ^ TO BHMA International (15 September 2014). "Tsipras presents SYRIZA program at International Fair in Thessaloniki". TO BHMA International. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ^ "Greece crisis: Europe on edge over snap election". BBC. 30 December 2014.
- ^ Smith, Helena (23 December 2014). "SYRIZA's chief economist plots a radical Greek evolution within the eurozone". The Guardian.
- ^ Hope, Kerin (6 January 2015). "SYRIZA to crack down on Greece's oligarchs if it wins election". Financial Times. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
- ^ Babington, Deepa; Maltezou, Renee. "Tsipras sworn in as Greece PM to fight bailout terms". Reuters. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ Donahue, Patrick (26 January 2015). "Tsipras win draws French congratulations, German threat". Kathimerini. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ Jones, Sam; Hope, Kerin; Weaver, Courtney (28 January 2015). "Alarm bells ring over SYRIZA's Russian links". Financial Times.
- RFERL.
- ^ "Putin, Tsipras Agree on Boosting Investment Ties". Bloomberg. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
- ^ "Tsipras: Greece will seek to mend ties between Russia & EU through European institutions". RT. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
- ^ "Greece's Tsipras meets Putin in Moscow - as it happened". The Guardian. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ Helena Smith. "SYRIZA's Tsipras sworn in after Greek government formed with rightwingers". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ^ Phillip Inman. "Profile: Greece's new finance minister Yanis Varoufakis". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ^ "Greece crisis: Syriza rebels form new party". BBC. 21 August 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ^ "Greece crisis: PM Alexis Tsipras quits and calls early polls". BBC. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ^ "New government to be sworn in Wednesday morning".
- ^ "Συνιστώσες". Syriza. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ^ "Αντίρροπον Δέος". Αντίρροπον Δέος.
- ^ a b c Magone, José M. (2003), The Politics of Southern Europe: Integration into the European Union, Praeger Publishers, p. 152
- ^ Magone, José M. (2003), The Politics of Southern Europe: Integration into the European Union, Praeger Publishers, p. 151
- ^ "Αρχική - Επανάσταση - Η δεκαπενθήμερη εφημερίδα της Κομμουνιστικής Τάσης του ΣΥΡΙΖΑ".
- ^ Anagnostou, Dia (2006), "Deepening Democracy or Defending the Nation? The Europeanisation of Minority Rights and Greek Citizenship", Politics and Policy in Greece, Routledge, p. 128
- ^ "Greece: Directory", Central and South-Eastern Europe 2004, Europa Publications, p. 294, 2003
- ^ Dabilis, Andy, "Syriza Wants State Break With Church", greekreporter.com, January 28, 2013
- ^ "A pinker shade of black". The Economist. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Tribunes and Patricians: Radical Fringe Parties in the 21st Century" (PDF). carleton.ca. 2012.
- ^ "Global Daily - Europe's political risks". ABN AMRO Insights.
- ^ "Anti-establishment parties defy EU". BBC News.
- ^ "BBC News - Greek radical left SYRIZA prepares for power under Tsipras". BBC News.
- ^ "Αλ. Τσίπρας: "Το ευρώ δεν είναι φετίχ, ούτε εγώ Χάρι Πότερ"". Proto Thema. 1 May 2014.
- ^ Bianchi, Alfonso (29 December 2014). "Syriza: we are not a anti-European monster, we are explaining it to hawks and markets too (INTERVIEW)". EUnews - European News Service. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
- ^ Michalopoulos, Sarantis (17 December 2014). "SYRIZA reiterates its commitment to the eurozone". EurActiv Greece. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
- ^ TO BHMA International (7 May 2014). "Alexis Tsipras: "We do not support any sort of Euroscepticism"". TO BHMA International.
- ^ Richard Mylles. "Ukip isn't the only Eurosceptic party on the rise. But the Union is safe for now".
- ^ "Party Euroscepticism in Greece during the Financial Crisis, the Cases of SYRIZA and Chrysi Avgi". Crisis Observatory. 27 May 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ^ Chan, Szu Ping (24 July 2015). "Jeremy Corbyn 'is the best thing to come out of Britain' says Greece's hard left Syriza party". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ a b Stamouli, Nektaria (26 August 2015). "Greece's Alexis Tsipras Struggles to Keep Syriza Party Together". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
- ^ Bird, Mike (21 August 2015). "Greece's election just split Syriza in two". Business Insider. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Official website
- Only Syriza Can Save Greece. James K. Galbraith and Yanis Varoufakis. The New York Times, 23 June 2013.
- Kitsikis/article Grèce. Le Synaspismos tiraillé entre social-démocratie et anarchisme, Grande Europe, no.16, janvier 2010, La Documentation Française. Read on Line
- Greece: Phase One. Jacobin. 22 January 2015.
- The pro-worker, pro-growth experiment in Greece is under threat. Senator Bernie Sanders for The Guardian. 17 February 2015.
- Indebted yes, but not Guilty by Slavoj Žižek, Potemkin Review, 22 February 2015.