St. George's, Bermuda

Coordinates: 32°22′46″N 64°40′40″W / 32.37944°N 64.67778°W / 32.37944; -64.67778
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

St. George's
Town
St. George's harbour and town, seen from Fort George
St. George's harbour and town, seen from Fort George
Overseas territory
Bermuda Bermuda
Settled1612
Population
 (2016)[1]
 • Total1,527
ClimateAf
Official nameHistoric Town of St. George and Related Fortifications, Bermuda
TypeCultural
Criteriaiv
Designated2000 (24th session)
Reference no.983
RegionWestern Europe (and North Atlantic)

St. George's (formally the Town of St. George or St. George's Town), located on the

Cupids, Newfoundland
(1610), and the oldest continuously-inhabited British town in the New World, since the other two settlements were seasonal for a number of years.

Nomenclature

Bermudian convention, where a

toponym contains the name of a person, is to render the person's name in the possessive
form. The place is rarely treated as equivalent to the person.

Ordnance Island (left) and St. George's Town are overlooked by Fort George

Among many examples of such place names in Bermuda are

Sir Edwin Sandys), Skeeters' Island (often mistakenly rendered "Skeeter's Island", it is named for Edward Skeeters and is also known as Burt's Island),[2][3] Gibb's Hill, Barr's Bay, Ackermann's Hill, Nelly's Island, Cooper's Island, Darrell's Island, Paynter's Vale, Abbot's Head (or Abbot's Cliff),[4] and Fort St. Catherine's
(on St. Catherines Point). The possessive form is also used for titles, as with Collector's Hill (named for the Collector of Taxes). Maps of Bermuda have most often been produced by non-Bermudians and names given on them do not always conform to Bermudian practice.

The use of the possessive form is not exclusive, however, as exemplified by place names such as the names of most of the parishes (which – other than St. George's Parish – all commemorate historical people), such as

Henry Hamilton, a former Governor of Bermuda). Whereas the City of Hamilton is commonly referred to as Hamilton, The Town of St. George, St. George's Parish, St. George's Island, and St. George's Harbour (and any other toponym usually containing a person's name in the possessive form) always remains possessive when shortened, such as in the St. George's Foundation.[5]

By example, Bermudians will always say St. George's and St. David's are the largest islands in St. George's Parish, and never St. George and St. David are the largest islands in St. George Parish. As many maps and other printed materials featuring Bermuda are produced abroad, it is extremely common to find maps, books and other material using the non-possessive forms, but visitors to Bermuda should be aware that using the non-possessive forms when speaking to Bermudians is likely to cause as much offence as saying "Bermudan" (although Bermudians, who pride themselves on politeness, are unlikely to respond rudely).

History

Map of St. George's Town (and St. George's Garrison), c. 1897–1899
The harbour at St. George's in 1854
St. George's Town, from Barrack Hill, 1857
The State House, the home of Bermuda's parliament in St. George's from 1620 until the capital's relocation to Hamilton in 1815.
Saint Peter's Church.
Stewart Hall, c. 1707.
St. George's Town Hall

Originally called New London, St. George's was first settled in 1612. This was three years after the first English settlers landed on St. George's Island on their way to

Admiral Sir George Somers and Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Gates, they had deliberately steered their ship, Sea Venture, onto a reef to escape a storm. The survivors built two new ships, the Deliverance and Patience, and most continued their voyage to Jamestown, but the Virginia Company
laid claim to the island.

Two men remained behind to maintain the company's possession of the archipelago (a third stayed when the Patience returned later that year). By the Virginia Company's Third Charter in 1612, the boundaries of the new colony were extended out to sea to include Bermuda. The company sent a party of 60 new settlers to Bermuda to join the three men left behind by the Sea Venture. After a brief period on neighbouring St. David's, the settlers started building structures at St. George's, located in a sheltered sound that kept ships protected from bad weather.

In 1615, the shareholders of the Virginia Company created a second company, the Somers Isles Company. It administered Bermuda separately until the company was dissolved in 1686. (The Virginia Company was dissolved in 1624).

This small town was the capital of Bermuda until 1815; it was linked to the history of colonial America. Ten thousand Bermudians emigrated, primarily to Virginia and the

American Southeast
, before United States independence made them citizens of separate nations. Branches of wealthy Bermudian merchant families dominated trade in the area's ports. Bermudians settled towns in the South, and contributed greatly to the make up of the populations of several US states.

As Bermuda's population centre, and only true port during this period, St. George's was connected to development in the North American colonies. During the

American War of Independence, at the request of George Washington, Bermudians assisted the American rebels in stealing much-needed gunpowder from a St. George's magazine, which supplied the forts protecting the port. The powder was carried over the hill to Tobacco Bay
, from where boats transported it to an American ship that lay offshore.

During the American Civil War, some British from St. George's evaded coastal blockades to provide supplies and munitions to the desperate Confederates. This trade was based in St. George's.

King's Square forms the centre of St George's, where regular 17th-century re-enactments are held throughout the year. Excavations carried out by

Bristol University and the Bermuda National Trust discovered the foundations here of the original 1612 governor's house. The Bermuda National Trust Museum is located on the square.[6]

Ordnance Island in St. George's Harbour, is situated south of King's Square. It holds a replica of Deliverance (one of the two ships built by the survivors of Sea Venture), and a life-sized statue of Admiral of the Virginia Company, Sir George Somers, by Desmond Fountain. Somers, along with Sir Thomas Gates
, had led the survivors of the 1609 wreck.

The town has numerous historical sites, such as the old

Protestant church in the Western hemisphere), the Tucker House, the Bermuda National Trust Museum, and the St. George's Historical Society Museum and the Featherbed Alley Printshop
museum (both in the Mitchell House).

In 1996, the town was twinned with

Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications
.

Sports

Hamilton Parish
football clubs play their games at the Wellington Oval, which also serves as a cricket ground.

Education

St. George's Preschool serves the area.[7]

St. George's Primary School is in the community.[8]

Notable people

See also

  • UNESCO World Heritage Site: Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications, Bermuda
  • History of Bermuda

Further reading

  • Michael Jarvis, Bermuda's Architectural Heritage: St. George's (Bermuda National Trust, Hamilton, 1998)

References

  1. ^ "Bermuda 2016 Census" (PDF). Bermuda Department of Statistics. December 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  2. ^ Bermuda Police Service: History. The Early Years: The Death Of Anna Skeeters
  3. ^ "The Bermudian magazine: The Skeeters Murder. By Sandra Campbell. 15 March, 2013". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
  4. ^ "Abbot's Cliff, Bermuda – Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates". geographic.org.
  5. ^ "The St. George's Foundation". stgeorgesfoundation.org.
  6. ISBN 1-58980-087-7
  7. ^ Home Archived 27 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine. St. George's Preschool. Retrieved on September 14, 2016.
  8. ^ Home[permanent dead link]. St. George's Primary School. Retrieved on September 14, 2016. "A fantastic little school in the heart of the historic town of St. George's, Bermuda."

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to St. George's, Bermuda.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for St. George's.

Gallery

  • St. George's Harbour, ca. 1864. Confederate blockade runners are visible.
    St. George's Harbour, ca. 1864. Confederate blockade runners are visible.
  • The Unfinished Church
    The Unfinished Church
  • Entrance to The Tucker House
    Entrance to The Tucker House
  • Statue of George Somers
    Statue of George Somers
  • View from the harbour
    View from the harbour
  • The Featherbed Alley Printshop Museum
    The Featherbed Alley Printshop Museum
  • Tucker House (housing a museum of the Bermuda National Trust), on Water Street and Barber's Alley
    Tucker House (housing a museum of the Bermuda National Trust), on Water Street and Barber's Alley
  • The St. George's Foundation's UNESCO World Heritage Centre on Penno's Wharf
    The St. George's Foundation's UNESCO World Heritage Centre on Penno's Wharf
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