Standard-dynamic-range video

Standard-dynamic-range video (SDR video) is a

electro-optical transfer function.^[1]^[3]

The first CRT

high-dynamic-range video (HDR video), a new technology that was developed in the 2010s to overcome SDR's limits.^[1]^[6]

Technical details

Transfer function

Conventional gamma curves:

Opto-electronic transfer function
(OETF):
- analog video signals in SD-TV digital video form)^[7]^[8]
- Rec. 709 (HD-TV)^[8]
- Rec. 2020 (UHD-TV)
- sRGB
Electro-optical transfer function
(EOTF):
- ITU-R BT.1886 (SDR-TV)^[3]
- sRGB (monitors, printers, World Wide Web)^[9]

The linear part of the conventional gamma curve was used to limit camera noise in low light video but is no longer needed with high dynamic range (HDR) cameras.^[8] An example of a conventional gamma curve would be Rec. 601:

$E={\begin{cases}4.500L&L<0.018\\1.099L^{0.45}-0.099&L\geq 0.018\end{cases}}$

EOTF of SDR.^[3] It's a gamma curve representing the response of CRT to video signal.^[3] It has been published by ITU in 2011.^[3]

A

SMPTE ST 2084 allow for a larger dynamic range by using a different transfer function.^[10]^[11] HLG is compatible with SDR displays.^[12]

Color gamut

In some cases the term SDR is also used with a meaning including the standard

wide color gamut (WCG) such as Rec. 2020 or DCI-P3 color primaries.^[1]^[13]

Dynamic range

The dynamic range that can be perceived by the human eye in a single image is around 14 stops.^[10] SDR video with a conventional gamma curve and a bit depth of 8-bits per sample has a dynamic range of about 6 stops, assuming a luminance quantisation threshold of 5% is used.^[10] A threshold of 5% is used in the paper (instead of the standard 2% threshold) to allow for the typical display being dimmer than ideal. Professional SDR video with a bit depth of 10-bits per sample has a dynamic range of about 10 stops.^[10]

Displaying SDR video on modern displays

While conventional

HDR is however required for the creative intents to be preserved.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "HDR (High Dynamic Range) on TVs explained". FlatpanelsHD. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
^ "ITU-R Report BT.2390 - High dynamic range television for production and international programme exchange". ITU. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "BT.1886 : Reference electro-optical transfer function for flat panel displays used in HDTV studio production". www.itu.int. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
^ "15GP22 Color CRT". Early Television Museum. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
^ "Early Electronic Television". Early Television Museum. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
^ "CES 2014: Dolby Vision promises a brighter future for TV, Netflix and Xbox Video on board". Expert Reviews. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
^ "BT.601: Studio encoding parameters of digital television for standard 4:3 and wide screen 16:9 aspect ratios". ITU.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Study Group Report High-Dynamic-Range (HDR) Imaging Ecosystem". Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
^ Michael Stokes; Matthew Anderson; Srinivasan Chandrasekar; Ricardo Motta (November 5, 1996). "A Standard Default Color Space for the Internet – sRGB, Version 1.10".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f T. Borer; A. Cotton. "A "Display Independent" High Dynamic Range Television System" (PDF). BBC. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
^
Dolby Laboratories
. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
^ "High Dynamic Range" (PDF). European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
^ "BT.2100 : Image parameter values for high dynamic range television for use in production and international programme exchange". www.itu.int. Retrieved 2021-04-25.

External links

ITU-R Recommendation BT.1886

[:1-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "HDR (High Dynamic Range) on TVs explained". FlatpanelsHD. Retrieved 2021-04-25.

[:6-2] "ITU-R Report BT.2390 - High dynamic range television for production and international programme exchange". ITU. Retrieved 2021-04-29.

[:0-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "BT.1886 : Reference electro-optical transfer function for flat panel displays used in HDTV studio production". www.itu.int. Retrieved 2021-04-24.

[15GP22ColorCRT2016-4] "15GP22 Color CRT". Early Television Museum. Retrieved 2016-02-02.

[EarlyTelevisionGallery2016-5] "Early Electronic Television". Early Television Museum. Retrieved 2016-02-02.

[6] "CES 2014: Dolby Vision promises a brighter future for TV, Netflix and Xbox Video on board". Expert Reviews. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 2021-04-24.

[7] "BT.601: Studio encoding parameters of digital television for standard 4:3 and wide screen 16:9 aspect ratios". ITU.

[ReportHDR2015SMPTE-8] "Study Group Report High-Dynamic-Range (HDR) Imaging Ecosystem". Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. Retrieved 2016-02-02.

[orig_pub-9] Michael Stokes; Matthew Anderson; Srinivasan Chandrasekar; Ricardo Motta (November 5, 1996). "A Standard Default Color Space for the Internet – sRGB, Version 1.10".

[DisplayHDR2015BBC-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f T. Borer; A. Cotton. "A "Display Independent" High Dynamic Range Television System" (PDF). BBC. Retrieved 2016-02-02.

[DolbyVision2016Dolby-11] 
Dolby Laboratories
. Retrieved 2016-02-02.

[IBCDemo2015EBU-12] "High Dynamic Range" (PDF). European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 2015-11-01.

[:2-13] "BT.2100 : Image parameter values for high dynamic range television for use in production and international programme exchange". www.itu.int. Retrieved 2021-04-25.

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