Sudeten German Party

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"SdP" redirects here. For other uses, see SDP.
Sudeten German Party
Sudetendeutsche Partei
SecretaryKonrad Henlein
Founded1 October 1933 (1933-10-01)
Dissolved5 November 1938 (1938-11-05)
Merger ofDNSAP, DNP
Merged intoNSDAP
HeadquartersAš, later shifted to Cheb[1]
NewspaperDie Zeit
Paramilitary wingsVolkssport, SFK, FS,[2]
Membership1.35 million (1938 est.)
IdeologyNazism
Politics of Czechoslovakia
  • Political parties
  • Elections

    • The Sudeten German Party (German: Sudetendeutsche Partei, SdP, Czech: Sudetoněmecká strana) was created by Konrad Henlein under the name Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront ("Front of the Sudeten German Homeland") on 1 October 1933, some months after the First Czechoslovak Republic had outlawed the German National Socialist Workers' Party (Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei, DNSAP). In April 1935, the party was renamed Sudetendeutsche Partei following a mandatory demand of the Czechoslovak government. The name was officially changed to Sudeten German and Carpathian German Party (Sudetendeutsche und Karpatendeutsche Partei) in November 1935.

    With the rising power of

    German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the May 1938 communal elections, the party gained 88% of ethnic-German votes, taking over control of most municipal authorities in the Czech borderland. The country's mass membership made it one of the largest fascist parties in Europe at the time.[3]

    Background

    In 1903, a group of

    Austrian National Socialism
    .

    German settlement areas (pink) of Austria–Hungary, 1911

    At the end of

    German Bohemian territories, demanding affiliation with the newly established Republic of German-Austria. However, the new Czech-dominated government demanded the unity of the Bohemian (or now called Czech) lands, as confirmed by the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and considered the Pan-German party offensive and dangerous for the existence of the country. The Czechoslovakian DNSAP led by Hans Knirsch together with the conservative German National Party (Deutsche Nationalpartei, DNP) became the main proponent of so-called "negativism", the general tendency among the Sudeten Germans not to accept the legitimacy of the Czechoslovakian state. Under Knirsch's successor Rudolf Jung, the party was increasingly influenced by the rise of the Nazi Party in the German Weimar Republic. In 1933, both the DNSAP and DNP decided to dissolve in order to prevent the imminent ban by the Prague
    government.

    SHF

    The SHF was founded on 1 October 1933.

    Carpatho-German Party (KdP) in the same year.[4]

    Konrad Henlein

    The newly established SdP did not see itself as a successor of the DNSAP; in fact, SdP leader

    cantonal system and individual freedom. He later described his contact to Nazi leaders as merely tactical. In 1935 when Karl Hermann Frank
    became deputy leader, the SdP gradually adopted the DNSAP tradition and became more radical.

    In the

    German Social Democratic Workers Party, the German Christian Social People's Party and the Farmers' League. Meanwhile, the influence exerted by the German Nazi dictatorship became stronger and after 1935 several groups within the party were financed by Germany. In November 1937 Adolf Hitler openly declared – according to the Hossbach Memorandum – his intention to separate the Sudetenland from the Czechoslovak state. The SdP officially coordinated this policy with Nazi leaders in order to integrate the German-speaking parts of Bohemia and Moravia into the German Reich
    .

    Karl Hermann Frank speaking at the Carlsbad convention of April 1938

    After the Austrian Anschluss Henlein first met Hitler on 28 March 1938. His policy was the so-called Grundplanung OA (Basic Planning) of summer 1938 and later in the interior policy of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In March 1938 the Farmers League joined the SdP, as well as many Christian Social deputies in the Czechoslovak parliament. At a convention in Carlsbad on 24 April the majority of the party advocated the demand of the Sudeten Germans as an autonomous ethnic group, the separation of a self-governing German settlement area and the freedom to decide for annexation to Nazi Germany. At this time the SdP had about 1.35 million members.

    Annexation

    In September 1938 the policy of SdP succeeded in the German annexation of Sudetenland according to the

    German occupation of Czechoslovakia). On 1 October Henlein was appointed Reichskommissar of the incorporated territories, which became the Reichsgau Sudetenland. After a last convention at Aussig, the organization officially merged into the German Nazi Party at a festive ceremony in Reichenberg (Liberec) on 5 November 1938. However, as many Nazi officials like Reinhard Heydrich were suspicious of the SdP party members, they were not absorbed, but had to apply for admission to the Nazi Party. About 520,000 members were approved, among them Henlein himself who also joined the SS. He was officially appointed Gauleiter
    in 1939, an office he held until 1945, though largely losing power to Reich Protector Heydrich.

    As of October 1938 the SdP/KdP parliamentary club had 52 members from the Chamber of Deputies, and their joint Senate club had 26 members. On 30 October 1938 the parliamenary mandates of 46 deputies and 22 Senators of SdP and KdP were annulled.[4]

    The SdP branches in areas that remained in Czechoslovakia after the Sudetenland annexation formed the German People's Group in Czecho-Slovakia (Deutsche Volksgruppe in der Tschecho-Slowakei).[5][6][full citation needed]

    Electoral results

    Chamber of Deputies
    Election year # of
    overall votes     		% of
    overall vote     		# of
    overall seats won     		+/– Leader
    1935
    		 1,249,534 (#1) 15.2
    44 / 300
    		 Increase 44 Konrad Henlein
    Senate
    Election year # of
    overall votes     		% of
    overall vote     		# of
    overall seats won     		+/– Leader
    1935
    		 1,092,255 (#1) 15.0
    22 / 150
    		 Increase 22 Konrad Henlein

    See also

    Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sudetendeutsche Partei.

    References

    1. ^ Kurt Nelhiebel (1962). Die Henleins gestern und heute: Hintergründe und Ziele des Witikobundes. Röderberg. p. 70.
    2. ^ Freiwilliger deutscher Schutzdienst
    3. ^ Hruška, Emil (2013), Boj o pohraničí: Sudetoněmecký Freikorps v roce 1938 (1st ed.), Prague: Nakladatelství epocha, Pražská vydavatelská společnost, p. 11
    4. ^
      ISBN 978-87-983829-3-5
      .
    5. ISBN 978-87-983829-3-5
      .
    6. ^ The Twentieth Century. Nineteenth Century and After. 1939. p. 395.
    • The German Dictatorship, The Origins, Structure, and Effects of National Socialism, Karl Dietrich Bracher, trans. by Jean Steinberg, Praeger Publishers, NY, 1970. pp 50–54.
    • Marek, Pavel; Dieter Schallner (2000). "Sudetendeutsche Partei - Sudetoněmecká strana". In Pavel Marek; et al. (eds.). Přehled politického stranictví na území českých zemí a Československa v letech 1861-1998. Olomouc: Katedra politologie a evropských studií
      ISBN 80-86200-25-6
      .

    External links
    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudeten_German_Party&oldid=1208404183"