Tébessa
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Tebessa
تبسة | |
---|---|
City | |
UTC+1 (CET) | |
Climate | BSk |
Tébessa or Tebessa (
Name
Tebessa, written Tébessa in
History
In antiquity, Theveste formed part of the Roman empire.
After the establishment of the
There is mention of a council held there by the
During the 4th and 5th centuries, Theveste was a hotbed of Manichaeism as well. In June 1918, a Latin codex of 26 leaves written by the Manichaeans was discovered in a cave near the city. A month later, Henri Omont found its other 13 initial leaves. The whole book is now known as the Tebessa codex and is kept in Cologne. It has been edited by Markus Stein.
Theveste was rebuilt and incorporated into Byzantine North Africa by the patrician Solomon at the beginning of the reign of Justinian I. Solomon built his own tomb in Theveste, which still exists.
In the 7th century, the
and Tebessa).During the 16th century, the
In 1851, the town was occupied by the French. It became the capital of its canton, then an arrondissement of the department of Constantine in Algeria. Later, its arrondissement was moved to the department of Bône. After Algerian independence, it became the capital of its own eponymous province.
Main sights
- Arch of Caracalla, a Roman triumphal arch (AD 214).
- Roman theater
- Temple of Minerva (early 3rd century AD), with walls decorated by mosaics.
- Amphitheatre (4th century AD)
- Remains of the basilica of St. Crispina (4th century AD), one of the biggest in Africa. It was partially destroyed by Berbers, and rebuilt in 535 by the Byzantine general Solomon. It has chapels, baptism urns, catacombs, and gardens, and a tessellated pavement.[1]
- Byzantine walls (6th century), popularly known as "Solomon's Walls" and flanked by thirteen square towers.
- Archaeological museum.
Geography
Climate
Tébessa has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification Bsk), with hot, fairly dry summers and mild, somewhat wetter winters.
Climate data for Tébessa | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) |
30.1 (86.2) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.4 (90.3) |
40.6 (105.1) |
41.3 (106.3) |
42.5 (108.5) |
43.0 (109.4) |
40.0 (104.0) |
37.3 (99.1) |
31.0 (87.8) |
27.0 (80.6) |
43.0 (109.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.7 (53.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
15.7 (60.3) |
19.2 (66.6) |
24.6 (76.3) |
30.7 (87.3) |
34.2 (93.6) |
33.3 (91.9) |
28.6 (83.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
12.9 (55.2) |
22.0 (71.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) |
7.7 (45.9) |
9.5 (49.1) |
12.6 (54.7) |
17.4 (63.3) |
22.5 (72.5) |
25.4 (77.7) |
24.9 (76.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
16.1 (61.0) |
10.7 (51.3) |
7.5 (45.5) |
15.2 (59.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) |
1.9 (35.4) |
3.4 (38.1) |
5.9 (42.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.4 (61.5) |
13.7 (56.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
2.0 (35.6) |
8.3 (46.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −8.0 (17.6) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
8.9 (48.0) |
8.0 (46.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.9 (1.10) |
22.2 (0.87) |
31.4 (1.24) |
35.8 (1.41) |
38.4 (1.51) |
24.2 (0.95) |
15.2 (0.60) |
28.8 (1.13) |
50.8 (2.00) |
38.5 (1.52) |
31.6 (1.24) |
32.7 (1.29) |
377.5 (14.86) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 5.4 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 3.4 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 54.6 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
75.1 | 70.8 | 65.0 | 64.1 | 58.7 | 49.6 | 43.9 | 48.3 | 61.6 | 64.9 | 72.2 | 74.7 | 62.4 |
Source 1: NOAA (precipitation 1991-2020)[2]
| |||||||||||||
Source 2: climatebase.ru (extremes, humidity)[3] |
Transportation
Tébessa is connected by road and rail with the other parts of both Algeria and Tunisia. It is served by
References
Citations
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 487.
- ^ "Climate Normals for Tebessa". Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ^ "Tebessa, Algeria". Climatebase.ru. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
Bibliography
- Stein (M.) (ed.) Manichaica Latina 3.1. Codex Thevestinus (Papyrologica Coloniensia volume 27/3.1.) Paderborn, Munich, Vienna and Zurich: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2004, Pp. xx + 328.
- Stein (M.) (ed.) Manichaica Latina 3.2. Codex Thevestinus (Papyrologica Coloniensia volume 27/3.2.) Paderborn, Munich, Vienna and Zurich: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2006, Pp. vi + 81, ills.
External links
- Media related to Tébessa at Wikimedia Commons
- Official site of Tebessa
- Acta Maximiliani Martyris
- Page with photos of ancient ruins (in German)
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Theveste". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.