Takhtajan system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Takhtajan system of plant classification was published by Armen Takhtajan, in several versions from the 1950s onwards. It is usually compared to the Cronquist system. It admits paraphyletic groups.
Systems
The first classification was published in Russian in 1954,and came to the attention of the rest of the world after publication of an English translation in 1958 as Origin of Angiospermous Plants. Further versions appeared in 1959 (Die Evolution der Angiospermen) and 1966 (Sistema i filogeniia tsvetkovykh rastenii).[1] The latter popularised Takhtajan's system when it appeared in English in 1969 (Flowering plants: Origin and dispersal). A further revision appeared in 1980.[2][3]
1966 system
- Angiospermae) [4]p. 51
- Class: Magnoliatae (Dicotyledones) p. 51
- Class: Liliatae (Monocotyledones) p. 461
- Subclass A: Alismidaep. 461
- Subclass B: Liliidae p. 473 (was nom. nov.)
- Superorder Lilianae p. 473 (was nom. nov.)
- Order Liliales p. 473
- Family Liliaceae p. 474
- Family Xanthorrhoeaceaep. 476
- Family Aphyllanthaceaep. 476
- Family Alliaceaep. 477
- Family Agavaceaep. 478
- Family Amaryllidaceae p. 480
- Family Alstroemeriaceae p. 481
- Family Haemodoraceae p. 482
- Family Hypoxidaceae p. 483
- Family Velloziaceae p. 483
- Family Philesiaceae p. 484
- Family Tecophilaeaceae p. 484
- Family Cyanastraceaep. 485
- Family Asparagaceae p. 486
- Family Smilacaceae p. 487
- Family Stemonaceae p. 487
- Family Dioscoreaceae p. 488
- Family Taccaceaep. 489
- Family Phylydraceae p. 491
- Family Pontederiaceae p. 490
- Order Bromeliales p. 492
- Order Iridalesp. 494
- Order Zingiberales p. 498
- Order Orchidales p. 505
- Order Liliales p. 473
- Superorder Juncanaep. 510
- Superorder Lilianae p. 473 (was nom. nov.)
- Subclass C: Commelinidaep. 461
- Subclass D: Arecidae p. 525
- Subclass A:
- Class: Magnoliatae (
1997 system
As published in Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants[5][3][6][7]
- Division Magnoliophyta(2 classes, 17 subclasses, 71 superorders, 232 orders, 589 families
- Class Dicotyledons) 11 subclasses, 55 superorders, 175 orders, 458 families
- Subclass MagnoliidaeNovak ex Takht. (1967)
- Subclass Nymphaeidae J.W. Walker ex Takht. (1997)
- Subclass Nelumbonidae Takht. (1997)
- Subclass Ranunculidae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
- Subclass Caryophyllidae Takht. (1967)
- Subclass Hamamelididae Takht. (1967)
- Subclass Dilleniidae Takht. ex Reveal & Tahkt. (1993)
- Subclass Rosidae Takht. (1967)
- Subclass Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal (1994)
- Subclass Asteridae Takht. (1967)
- Subclass LamiidaeTakht. ex Reveal (1993)
- Subclass
- Class Monocotyledons) 6 subclasses, 16 superorders, 57 orders, 131 families
- Subclass Liliidae Takht. (1967)
- Superorder Lilianae Takht. (1967) 14 orders
- Order Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
- Order Colchicales Dumort. (1829)
- Order Trilliales Takht. (1996)
- Order Liliales Perleb (1826)
- Family Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
- Family Medeolaceae(S. Wats.) Takht. (1987)
- Order Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934)
- Order IridalesRaf. (1815)
- Order Tecophilaeales Traub ex Reveal (1993)
- Order Burmanniales Heintze (1927)
- Order Hypoxidales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
- Order Orchidales Raf. (1815)
- Order Amaryllidales Bromhead (1840)
- Order Asparagales Bromhead (1838)
- Order Xanthorrhoeales Takth., nom. inval. (1997)
- Order Hanguanales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
- Superorder Dioscoreanae Takht. ex Reveal & Doweld (1999)
- Superorder Lilianae Takht. (1967) 14 orders
- Subclass CommelinidaeTakht. (1967)
- Subclass Arecidae Takht. (1967)
- Subclass Alismatidae Takht. (1967)
- Subclass Triurididae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
- Subclass Aridae Takht. (1997)
- Subclass Liliidae Takht. (1967)
- Class
2009 system
As published in Flowering Plants[8]
- Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996)[9]
- Class Dicotyledons) p. 7
- Subclass I. Magnoliidae p. 11
- Superorder Nymphaeanae
- Superorder Magnolianae
- Superorder Lauranae
- Superorder Piperanae
- Superorder Rafflesianae
- Subclass II. Ranunculidae p. 69
- Superorder Proteanae
- Superorder Ranunculanae
- Subclass III. Hamamelididae p. 101
- Superorder Hamamelidanae
- Superorder Juglandanae
- Subclass IV. Caryophyllidae p. 129
- Superorder Caryophyllanae
- Superorder Polygonanae
- Superorder Nepenthanae
- Subclass V. Dilleniidae p. 167
- Superorder Dillenianae
- Superorder Ericanae
- Superorder Violanae
- Superorder Capparanae
- Superorder Malvanae
- Superorder Euphorbianae
- Subclass VI. Rosidae p. 293
- Superorder Rosanae
- Superorder Myrtanae
- Superorder Fabanae
- Superorder Rutanae
- Superorder Celastranae
- Superorder Santalanae
- Superorder Balanophoranae
- Superorder Rhamnanae
- Subclass VII. Asteridae p. 435
- Superorder Cornanae
- Superorder Asperanae
- Subclass VIII. Lamiidaep. 511
- Superorder Lamianae
- Subclass I. Magnoliidae p. 11
- Class Monocotyledons) p. 595
- Subclass I: Alismatidae p. 589
- Superorder Petrosavianae
- Superorder Alismatanae
- Superorder Aranae
- Subclass II: Liliidae Takht. (1966) p. 625
- Superorder Lilianae Takht. (1966)
- Order Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
- Order Trilliales Takht. (1996)
- Order Liliales Perleb (1826)
- 1. Family Campynemataceae
- 2. Family Colchicaceae
- 3. Family Tricyrtidaceae
- 4. Family Scoliopaceae p. 634
- 5. Family Calochortaceaep. 634
- 6. Family Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789) p. 634
- 7. Family Medeolaceae(S. Wats.) Takht. (1987) p. 634
- Order Burmanniales
- Order Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934)
- Order Smilacales
- Order Orchidales
- Order Iridales
- Order Amaryllidales
- Order Asparagales
- Superorder Pandananae
- Superorder Dioscoreanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
- Superorder Arecanae
- Superorder Lilianae Takht. (1966)
- Subclass III: Arecidae p. 693
- Superorder Arecanae
- Subclass IV: Commelinidaep. 699
- Superorder Bromelianae
- Superorder Zingiberanae
- Superorder Commelinanae
- Superorder Juncanae
- Superorder Poanae
- Subclass I: Alismatidae p. 589
- Class
References
- ^ Takhtajan 1966.
- ^ Takhtajan 1980.
- ^ a b Singh 2004, pp. 269–277.
- ^ Takhtajan 1966, p. 51.
- ^ Takhtajan 2009.
- ^ Reveal 1998.
- ^ Reveal 1997.
- ^ Takhtajan 2009, Synopsis of families pp. xxxvii–xlv.
- ^ Takhtajan 2009, p. 1.
Bibliography
- JSTOR 1217531.
- Singh, Gurcharan (2004). "Armen Takhtajan". Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach. Science Publishers. pp. 269–277. ISBN 1-57808-351-6. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- Reveal, James (22 November 1998). "Lists of the Flowering Plant Taxa Accepted by Cronquist, Dahlgren, Reveal, Takhtajan & Thorne". Vascular Plant Family Nomenclature. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
- Reveal, James L (5 Nov 1997). "Takhtajan System of Classification"(pbio 250 Lecture Notes). Plant Systematics. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- Brands, SJ. "A. Takhtajan, 1997". The Taxonomicon. Zwaag, The Netherlands: Universal Taxonomic Services. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- Works by Takhtajan
- )
- S2CID 30764910.
- Takhtajan, A. (1987). Sistema Magnoliofitov (Systema Magnoliophytorum) (in Russian). Leningrad: Nauka.
- Schmid, Rudolf (May 1988). "Takhtajan's Latest System of Classification for the Angiosperms". JSTOR 1222164.
- Schmid, Rudolf (May 1988). "Takhtajan's Latest System of Classification for the Angiosperms".
- Takhtajan, Armen (1991). Evolutionary trends in flowering plants. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. ISBN 9780231073288.
- ISBN 978-1-4020-9609-9. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
- Takhtajan, Armen Leonovich (1997). Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10098-4.
External links
- Takhtajan system at CSDL, Texas. Also, at the Norton Brown Herbarium, Maryland (with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system): 1, 2, 3
- Angiosperm Classification according to Armen Takhtajan, 1966