Tawalisi
Tawalisi (ca. 1350 C.E–1400 C.E.) is a Southeast Asian kingdom described in the journals of Ibn Battuta.[1][2]
Guesses to the location of Tawalisi have included
Ibn Battuta's description
Thereafter, we reached the land of Tawalisi, it being their king who is called by that name. It is a vast country and its king is a rival of the king of China. He possesses many junks, with which he makes war on the Chinese until they come to terms with him on certain conditions. The inhabitants of this land are idolaters; they are handsome men and closely resemble the Turks in figure. Their skin is commonly of a reddish hue, and they are brave and warlike. Their women ride on horseback and are skillful archers, and fight exactly like men.
—Ibn Battuta[6]
Theories on location
Java theory
Java had been attacked by
Majapahit also possessed a powerful navy of
Philippine theory
The location of Tawalisi, as well as the identity of its described warrior-princess Urduja, remains a part of Philippine folklore and history, in spite of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines finding the related Kalantiaw myth to be a hoax in 2005.[13] Both the Kalantiaw and Tawalisi-Pangasinan connections were called into dispute by historian William Henry Scott, but his findings were ignored by the Marcos regime, who had codified Kalantiaw and Urduja's place in Philippine history. Due to the political nature of historical education in the Philippines, both the Urduja and Kalantiaw legends continue to be a semi-historical part of Philippine education.
Both Sir Henry Yule and William Henry Scott consider Tawilisi and its warrior-princess Urduja to be "fabulous, fairy-tale, fiction".[14]
References
- ^ Ibn Battuta, The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325–1354, vol. 4, trans. H. A. R. Gibb and C. F. Beckingham (London: Hakluyt Society, 1994), pp. 884–5.
- ISBN 971-10-0226-4, p.83
- ^ a b Bade, David W. (2013), Of Palm Wine, Women and War: The Mongolian Naval Expedition to Java in the 13th Century, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
- ISBN 978-1-4094-2166-5.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ISBN 971-10-0226-4, p.83
- ^ Ferrand, Gabriel (2014). Relations de voyages et textes géographiques arabes, persans et turks relatifs a l'Extrême-Orient du VIIIe au XVIIIe siècles (Vol. 2). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ a b Yule, Sir Henry (1866). Cathay and the way thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China vol. 1. London: The Hakluyt Society.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-904180-37-4
- ^ Ibn Battuttah, "Rihlah"; M. C. Das, "Outline of Indo-Javanese History", pp. 1-173; "Sejarah Melayu"; Dr. Jose Rizal in his letter to Blumentritt; and Ibn Battuta, The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325–1354, vol. 4, trans. H. A. R. Gibb and C. F. Beckingham (London: Hakluyt Society, 1994), pp. 884–5.
- ISBN 9789971695583.
- S2CID 247335671.
- ISBN 978-602-9346-00-8.
- ^ "Resolution No. 12, s. 2004 Declaring that Code of Kalantiao has no valid historical basis". National Historical Institute.
- ISBN 971-10-0226-4, p.83