The Prince of the Pagodas
The Prince of the Pagodas is a ballet created for The Royal Ballet by choreographer John Cranko with music commissioned from Benjamin Britten. Its premiere took place on 1 January 1957 at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, conducted by Britten.
In February 1957 a recording of a slightly cut version of the score was made by Decca with Britten conducting the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House.
The ballet was revived at the same venue on 7 December 1989 in a
Background
In January 1954, Sadler's Wells Ballet announced that Cranko was collaborating with Benjamin Britten to create a ballet. Cranko devised a draft scenario for a work he originally called The Green Serpent, fusing elements drawn from King Lear, Beauty and the Beast (a story he had choreographed for Sadler's Wells in 1948) and the oriental tale published by Madame d'Aulnoy as Serpentin Vert. Creating a list of dances, simply describing the action and giving a total timing for each, he passed this to Britten and left him to compose what eventually became The Prince of the Pagodas.[1]
Britten dedicated the score to Imogen Holst and Ninette de Valois.[2]
Plot synopsis
An Emperor must decide which of his two daughters should inherit the throne, and he chooses the evil older sister Belle Epine over the young and beautiful Belle Rose. Belle Rose is taken by magical flying frogs to Pagoda Land, and meets the Prince of Pagoda Land who is in the guise of a Salamander. Belle Rose and the Prince return to the land of her father and confront her evil sister, in the end driving her away.[3]
Influence of Balinese gamelan on the music
Britten incorporated many elements of
However, perhaps the most influential experience in gamelan music for Britten was a two-week holiday he took in Bali in 1956. He made a thorough study of gamelan music while he was there and immediately began incorporating Balinese musical ideas into The Prince of the Pagodas. For example, in the Prelude of the ballet, the Salamander Prince theme is played by several instruments in a layered texture, where the instruments are playing in different keys and start the theme at slightly different times in a technique called
Another way in which Britten achieves a gamelan sound is through his instrumentation. His score calls for a variety of percussion instruments, including
The pentatonic scale, a signature of Oriental music in general, makes frequent appearances in the ballet as well, especially in trumpet fanfares which occur throughout the piece.[8] The interval of the major second appears throughout Britten's gamelan passages, which is normally considered dissonant in Western music but arises from the alternate scales and tunings of gamelan style music.[9]
Britten uses the gamelan sound in his music to symbolize the magical pagodas of Pagoda Land, where the main character, the princess Belle Rose, is taken after a confrontation with her father, the emperor, and her evil sister, Belle Epine. When Belle Rose enters Pagoda Land, she is greeted with gamelan music. Similarly, when the Salamander enters the scene, he is portrayed alongside softer gamelan music to produce a mystical air. The Salamander is revealed to be the human Prince of Pagodaland, and when he changes to a human form, the gamelan music is replaced with more traditional Western orchestral music.[10]
Cranko
- Production premiere: 1 January 1957
- Choreographer: John Cranko
- Composer: Benjamin Britten
- Set designer: John Piper
- Costume designer: Desmond Heeley
- Lighting designer: William Bundy
MacMillan
- Production premiere: 7 December 1989
- Choreographer: Kenneth MacMillan
- Composer: Benjamin Britten
- Scenario: Colin Thubron
- Set designer: Nicholas Georgiadis
- Costume designer: Nicholas Georgiadis
- Lighting designer: John B Read
This production was dedicated to Margot Fonteyn.
Bintley
- Production premiere: 30 October 2011
- Company: National Ballet of Japan
- Location: New National Theatre Tokyo
- Choreographer: David Bintley
- Composer: Benjamin Britten
- Design: Rae Smith
- Lighting designer: Peter Teigen[11]
References
- ^ Reed, Cooke & Mitchell (2008): pp. 258–60
- ^ Reed, Cooke & Mitchell (2008): p. 123
- ^ Britten, Benjamin. The Prince of the Pagodas. Published 1957. Boosey & Hawkes.
- ^ Taruskin, Richard. Music in the Late Twentieth Century. Published 2010. Oxford University Press.
- ^ Philip Brett, et al. Britten, Benjamin. Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. 14 Apr. 2011 [1]
- ^ Cooke, Mervyn. Britten and the Far East. Published 1998. The Boydell Press.
- ^ Cooke, Mervyn. Britten and the Far East. Published 1998. The Boydell Press.
- ^ Britten, Benjamin. The Prince of the Pagodas. Published 1957. Boosey & Hawkes.
- ^ Cooke, Mervyn. Britten and the Far East. Published 1998. The Boydell Press.
- ^ Cooke, Mervyn. Britten and the Far East. Published 1998. The Boydell Press.
- ^ Birmingham Royal Ballet, Program January–March 2014
Sources
- Reed, Philip; Cooke, Mervyn; Mitchell, Donald (eds) (2008). Letters from a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, Vol. 4 1952–1957. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. )