The Company of Heaven
The Company of Heaven | |
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by Benjamin Britten (1937 ) | |
The Company of Heaven is a composition for soloists, speakers, choir, timpani, organ, and string orchestra by Benjamin Britten. The title refers to angels, the topic of the work, reflected in texts from the Bible and by poets. The music serves as incidental music for a mostly spoken radio feature which was first heard as a broadcast of the BBC in 1937.
History
Britten composed the music between 8 August and 22 September 1937[1] as incidental music for a radio broadcast for Michaelmas on 29 September 1937.[2][3] The associated text on angels, related to Michael as one of the archangels, was compiled by R Ellis Roberts.[1] The broadcast was produced by Robin Whitworth, with an acting company headed by Felix Aylmer and singers led by Sophie Wyss and Peter Pears, with the BBC Chorus and the BBC Symphony Orchestra. The conductor was Trevor Harvey.[3] The complete work lasted just under 45 minutes.[3] Britten confided to his diary, "the poetry side of it is pretty long".[4] One of the numbers, a setting of Emily Brontë's poem "A thousand gleaming fires", was the first piece of music Britten wrote for Pears, with whom he had recently begun a friendship that became a lifelong personal and professional partnership.[5]
Although Britten and Roberts discussed publishing the piece or reworking it for concert performance, Britten did neither. The score came into the possession of Harvey around the beginning of the
The composer's pleasure in bending and unbending plainchant to his own rhythmic and harmonic will is almost palpable; the metrical spoken (shouted) male chorus of "War in Heaven", a tour de force of earlier film techniques; the naivety of the Emily Bronte setting … in no way faux. The work abounds in fingerprints for the spotting (a Mahlerian funeral march,[n 2] a fanfare heralding Les Illuminations, Britten's first "congregational" hymns; and it is primarily of documentary and musicological interest. But this occasional piece [is] certainly worth hearing occasionally.[4]
Scoring and structure
The work is scored for two speakers, soprano and tenor singers, a four-part choir, timpani, organ, and string orchestra.[10]
Eleven movements of the text are set to music, others are spoken.[10]
Part 1: Angels before the Creation
- Chaos
- The Morning Stars
Part 2: Angels in Holy Scripture
- Angels appear to Jacob, Elisha and Mary
- Christ, the fair glory
- War in Heaven
Part 3: Angels in Common Life, and at our Death
- Heaven is here
- A thousand, thousand gleaming fires
- Funeral March for a Boy
- Whoso dwelleth under the defence of the most High
- There came out also at this time
- Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones
Music and text
The text assembles writings about angels from biblical sources up to contemporary poetry. Most of the texts are spoken, selected texts are set to music by Britten who also composed two purely instrumental movements, an introduction and a funeral march as a comment to a preceding reading. Only the sections set to music are numbered.
The work opens with Introduction (movement 1), an orchestral movement depicting the chaos before the world was created. Spoken text follows, "He maketh the angels spirits, and his ministers a flame of fire" by Theodosius, "When all the sons of God shouted for joy", about Lucifer, by Gerard Manley Hopkins, "Hell heard th'unsufferable noise" by from Paradise Lost by John Milton. "The Morning Stars" (movement 2) is a choral movement that draws from the work of Joseph the Hymnographer.[11]
Part 2, "Angels in Holy Scripture", begins with a spoken passage "Angels were the first creatures God made" by
Part 3, "Angels in Common Life, and at our Death" begins with movement 6 for soprano, choir and orchestra, "Heaven is here" from an unknown source. Another spoken passage by Roberts follows, "There are those, not only Christians", about "guardian spirits". The text of movement 7, set for tenor and orchestra, is a poem by Emily Brontë, "A thousand, thousand gleaming fires". The following story tells about a boy who is killed in an accident and met by his guardian angel, followed by movement 8, a funeral march for orchestra. A speaker recites a poem by Christina Rossetti, "Golden-winged, silver-winged". Movement 9 sets verses from Psalm 91 (Psalms 91:1, 9–13 for a cappella choir with the densest vocal texture, SSAATTBB. A spoken poem follows, "Farewell, green field" by William Blake. Movement 10 is a melodrama for speaker and orchestra on a passage from the novel The Pilgrims Progress by John Bunyan, "There came out also at this time to meet him", describing the reception of two pilgrims in Heaven. Verses from the Gospel of Luke (Luke 20:3536 reflect the resurrection. The last spoken text is by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, "I think they laugh in heaven". The work is concluded by movement 11 for both soloists, choir and orchestra on a hymn by Athelstan Riley, "O ye angels of the Lord, bless ye the Lord". In the end, the central theme is recapitulated from movement 6: "Heaven is here".[1][11]
Recordings
- English Chamber Orchestra, London Philharmonic Choir, Philip Brunelle. Britten: The Company of Heaven. Virgin, 2003.
- National Sinfonia, Crouch End Festival Chorus, Fiona Shaw and Jonathan Pryce as speakers, David Temple. Britten: The Company of Heaven and The Burning Road by Will Todd. Silva Screen Records, 1999.
Notes and references
- Notes
- ^ Britten wrote to Harvey in October 1955: "By all means go ahead and try and arrange a broadcast of some of the music you have discovered, only I can trust you only to put the good bits of music in and leave out the bad, can't I?"[6]
- ^ Harvey later recalled that he and Pears were sharing a flat when the work was being composed; Britten, a frequent visitor, would listen repeatedly to Harvey's copy of Bruno Walter's recent recording of Mahler's Ninth Symphony. Edward Greenfield comments, "The influence could hardly be plainer in the eighth, purely orchestral, movement of the cantata."[9]
- References
- ^ a b c d "BTC834 The Company of Heaven". Britten Thematic Catalogue. Britten-Pears Foundation. 22 September 1937. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- ^ Spicer, Paul. "Britten Choral Guide with Repertoire Notes" (PDF). Boosey & Hawkes. p. 16. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ^ a b c "Broadcasting", The Times, 29 September 1937. p. 10
- ^ a b Finch, Hilary. "Wordy and worthy", The Times, 13 June 1989, p. 15
- ^ Matthews, p. 46
- ^ Quoted in Britten, p. 315
- ^ Britten, p. 315
- ^ "A sweeping success", The Times, 8 June 1989, p. 22
- ^ Greenfield, Edward. "Britten's radio days revisited", The Guardian, 13 June 1989, p. 37
- ^ a b "Britten: The Company of Heaven". AllMusic. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ^ a b c The Company of Heaven (in German). Darmstädter Kantorei. 2000.
Sources
- Britten, Benjamin; Philip Reed, Mervyn Cooke and Donald Mitchell (eds) (1998). Letters from a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, Volume IV, 1952–1957. London: )
- Matthews, David (2013). Britten. London: ISBN 978-1908323385.