Tiwaz (rune)
Name | Proto-Germanic | Old English | Old Norse | |
---|---|---|---|---|
*Tē₂waz | Tī/Tīr | Týr | ||
Shape | Elder Futhark | Futhorc | Younger Futhark | |
Unicode | ᛏ U+16CF | ᛏ U+16CF | ᛐ U+16D0 | |
Transliteration | t | |||
Transcription | t | t, d | ||
IPA | [t] | [t], [d] | ||
Position in rune-row | 17 | 12 |
The t-
Rune poems
Tiwaz is mentioned in all three rune poems. In the Icelandic and Norwegian poems, the rune is associated with the god Týr.
Language | Stanza | Translation | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Old Norwegian | ᛏ Týr er æinendr ása; opt værðr smiðr blása.[1] |
Tyr is a one-handed god; often has the smith to blow.[2] |
"smiðr blása" means to blow on coals, making them hot for metal working |
Old Icelandic
|
ᛏ Týr er einhendr áss ok ulfs leifar ok hofa hilmir Mars tiggi.[3] |
Tyr = god with one hand |
"Mars tiggi" is a "more or less accurate [Latin gloss]".[4] |
Old English
|
ᛏ Tir biþ tacna sum, healdeð trẏƿa ƿel |
(?) is a (guiding) star; well does it keep faith princes ; it is ever on its courseover the mists of night and never fails. |
"Fame, honour" is a gloss written alongside the rune. Several interpretations have been offered, typically involving association with the north star, as the words tacna and færyld have astronomical connotations (used for "sign of the zodiac" and "path of a planet", respectively).[citation needed] |
Usage
Ancient
Multiple Tiwaz runes
Multiple Tiwaz runes either stacked atop one another to resemble a tree-like shape, or repeated after one another, appear several times in Germanic paganism:
- The charm (alu) on the Lindholm amulet, dated from the 2nd to the 4th century, contains three consecutive t runes, which have been interpreted as an invocation of Týr.[6]
- The Kylver Stone (400 AD, Gotland) features 8 stacked Tiwaz runes at the end of an Elder Futhark inscription.
- From 500 AD, a Scandinavian C-bracteate (Seeland-II-C) features an Elder Futhark inscription ending with three stacked Tiwaz runes.
Poetic Edda
According to the runologist Lars Magnar Enoksen, the Tiwaz rune is referred to in a stanza in Sigrdrífumál, a poem in the Poetic Edda.[7]
Sigrdrífumál tells that
|
|
Name in Futhorc
Futhorc manuscripts give different names to the t-rune. Sangallensis 270 (9th century) and Vindobonensis 795 (9th century) call the rune "Ti", while Cotton MS Domitian A IX (10th century?) calls it "Tir", and the Byrhtferth's Manuscript (12th century) calls it "Tyr". Ti may be an uninflected form of the possessive "Tiwes" as found in "Tiwesdæg", which would make it the name of an English god. Similar spellings of this god's name (such as Tii) are attested to in Old English.[11]
Modern
Germanic neopaganism
The Týr rune is commonly used by
Usage in Nazism and Neo-Nazism
The Týr rune in
In
Olympics
In 2018 the symbol was incorporated on the sweaters of the 2018 Norwegian Alpine ski team.[14]
The sweaters were however quickly pulled from market, when the Nazi and far-right association raised controversy.[15]
Popular culture
- In Vinland Saga, Thors has carved two Týr-runes into his dagger, likely in the same context as stated in Sigrdrífumál: to achieve victory in battle.
- In Mobile Suit Gundam: Iron-Blooded Orphans, Teiwaz is a mafia-like faction representing the Outer Sphere and the largest conglomerate on Jupiter.
See also
References
- ^ Dickins (1915), p. 26.
- ^ Dickins (1915), p. 27.
- ^ Dickins (1915), p. 30.
- ^ Dickins (1915), p. 28, note to verse 1.
- ^ Dickins (1915), p. 18.
- ISBN 1-84383-186-4.
- ^ a b c Enoksen (1998), p. 27.
- ^ Enoksen (1998), p. 26.
- ^ Jónsson, Guðni (ed.). "Sigrdrífumál". Heimskringla (in Icelandic). Retrieved 3 June 2019.
- ^ Adams Bellows, Henry (ed.). "Sigrdrifumol". Internet Sacred Texts Archive. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
- ^ "Tíw". An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online. 21 March 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
- Spiegel Online. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
- ^ "White Supremacist Terrorist Attacks at Mosques in New Zealand". Anti-Defamation League. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
- ^ Martyn-Hemphill, Richard (30 January 2018). "Norway Ski Team's Sweater Gets Tangled in a Neo-Nazi Uproar". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
- ^ "Alpinlandslagets offisielle plagg prydes av nazitilknyttede symboler". www.vg.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2022-09-06.
Bibliography
- OCLC 4311222.
- ISBN 91-88930-32-7.