Toilers League
Toilers League رابطة الشغيلة | |
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| Abbreviation | WL |
Left-wing | |
| National affiliation | March 8 Alliance |
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The Toilers League (
Origins
The Toilers League originated from a previous socialist students association formed at the
Political beliefs
The Toilers League in the Lebanese Civil War 1975–1990
During the early phase of the
The post-war years
Upon the end of the war in October 1990, the ZKF militia forces operating in the Capital were ordered by the Lebanese Government on March 28, 1991, to disband and surrender their heavy weaponry by April 30 as stipulated by the Taif Agreement.[5] Although the ZKF militia was disbanded, the Toilers League remained politically active, even managing to pull some seats in the elections for the Lebanese Parliament on several occasions – from 2000 to 2005 their member of Parliament (MP) Nasser Kandil represented Beirut's 3rd electoral district. The Party is currently a member of the pro-Syrian March 8 Alliance.
See also
- Amal Movement
- Mountain War (Lebanon)
- Organization of Communist Action in Lebanon
- Progressive Socialist Party
- People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)
- Popular Guard
- Lebanese Arab Army
- Lebanese Civil War
- Lebanese Communist Party
- Lebanese National Movement
- List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War
Notes
- ^ Orient, Vol. 11–14, Deutsches Orient-Institut, 1970[?], p. 23.
- ^ ARR: Arab Report and Record, Economic Features, Limited, 1971, p. 33.
- ^ Middle East Record, Vol. 5, Mekhon Shiloaḥ le-ḥeḳer ha-Mizraḥ ha-tikhon ṿe-Afriḳah, Ḥevrah ha-Mizraḥit ha-Yiśreʼelit, Merkaz le-meḥḳar ʻal shem Reʼuven Shiloaḥ, Israel Oriental Society, Reuven Shiloah Research Center, 1977, p. 949.
- ^ Traboulsi, Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux (2007), parte III.
- ^ Barak, The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society (2009), p. 173.
References
- Denise Ammoun, Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943-1990, Fayard, Paris 2005.
- ISBN 0-333-72975-7
- Fawwaz Traboulsi, Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux, Thèse de Doctorat d'Histoire – 1993, Université de Paris VIII, 2007. (in French) – [2]
- Fawwaz Traboulsi, A History of Modern Lebanon: Second Edition, Pluto Press, London 2012. ISBN 978-0745332741
- Marius Deeb, The Lebanese Civil War, Praeger Publishers Inc., New York 1980. ISBN 978-0030397011
- Oren Barak, The Lebanese Army – A National institution in a divided society, State University of New York Press, Albany 2009. ISBN 978-0-7914-9345-8 – [3]
- Jean Sarkis, Histoire de la guerre du Liban, Presses Universitaires de France - PUF, Paris 1993. ISBN 978-2-13-045801-2 (in French)
- Rex Brynen, Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990. ISBN 0 86187 123 5 – [4]
- ISBN 0-19-280130-9 – [5]
- William W. Harris, Faces of Lebanon: Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions, Princeton Series on the Middle East, Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton 1997. ISBN 978-1558761155, 1-55876-115-2