Toona sureni
Toona sureni | |
---|---|
1907 illustration of a Toona sureni flower | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Sapindales |
Family: | Meliaceae |
Genus: | Toona |
Species: | T. sureni
|
Binomial name | |
Toona sureni (
Merr. | |
Synonyms | |
|
Toona sureni is a
Taxonomy
Toona sureni belongs to the toon
Description
Toona sureni is a medium-sized to large tree, reaching a maximum height of around 40 to 60 m (130 to 200 ft) and a diameter of 100 to 300 cm (39 to 118 in).
The leaves are
The
The fruits are leathery
Ecology
Toona sureni is deciduous, shedding their leaves during the dry season (usually February to March or September to October). They produce flowers and fruits twice each year (usually during December to February and April to September).[8]
Distribution and habitat
Toona sureni is native to South Asia (
Names
The tree is commonly known in English as the "suren toon" (or "suren toona"), "surian", "limpaga", "iron redwood" or the "red cedar".[8] It is also sometimes known as the "Indonesian mahogany" or the "Vietnamese mahogany",[2][13] though it is not "genuine" mahogany (genus Swietenia). Local names include suren in Indonesia, ye tama in Burma, danupra in the Philippines, surian (สุเหรียน) in Thailand, surian wangi in Malaysia,[8][12] and zi chun (紫椿) in China.[11]
Uses
Toona sureni, like other members of the mahogany family, are valuable
The bark extract is also used in
They are also planted as ornamentals and shade trees, as well as being used for intercropping.[8]
References
- ^ Barstow, M. (2018). "Toona sureni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T61804593A61804595. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
- ^ a b Michel H. Porcher (October 7, 2005). "Sorting Toona names". Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database. The University of Melbourne. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ "Toona sureni (Blume) Merr". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ Tropicos.org. "Swietenia sureni Blume". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ Carl Ludwig Blume (1823). Catalogus van eenige der Merkwaardigste Zoo. Batavia. p. 72.
- ^ Tropicos.org. "Toona sureni (Blume) Merr". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ Elmer Drew Merrill (1917). An interpretation of Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinense. Manila: Bureau of Printing. p. 305.
- ^ a b c d e f g h C. Orwa; A. Mutua; R. Kindt; R. Jamnadass & S. Anthony (2009). "Toona sureni" (PDF). Agroforestry Database 4.0. World Agroforestry Centre.
- ^ a b c d e Barry Conn & Kipiro Damas. "PNGTreesKey – Toona sureni (Blume) Merr". Guide to trees of Papua New Guinea. Plants of Papua New Guinea. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ a b c d ASEAN Tropical Plant Database. "Toona sureni (Blume) Merr". National Institute of Environmental Research, Republic of Korea. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
- ^ ISBN 9781930723733.
- ^ a b c Thawatchai Wongprasert; Chamlong Phengklai & Thirawat Boonthavikoon (2011). "A synoptic account of the Meliaceae of Thailand" (PDF). Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany). 39: 210–266.
- .
- ^ World, Djembe. "How to Make Djembe". Djembe World, Indonesia.