Treaty of Königsberg (1656)

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Treaty of Königsberg
Königsberg Castle
TypeLegal status of the Duchy of Prussia
Signed17 January 1656
LocationKönigsberg castle (now Kaliningrad)
Signatories
  • Charles X Gustav of Sweden
  • Frederick William I of Brandenburg
Parties
LanguageLatin

The Treaty of Königsberg was concluded on 7 January (

Ermland (Ermeland, Warmia).[2] In a second treaty, negotiated on 24 February 1656 in Königsberg (Królewiec), Frederick William I concluded a defensive alliance with France.[3]

Background

In 1655, the rapid progress of the Swedish campaign in

Frederick William I worried about his Duchy of Prussia,[4] which he held as a Polish fief.[2] Frederick William I, who maintained an army of 14,000 men in Brandenburg,[1] marched his army to Prussia[4] and in the Treaty of Rinsk of 12 November concluded a defensive alliance with the Royal Prussian nobility, who maintained an army consisting of 600 troops raised by the Prussian estates and a levy of 3,000 to 4,000 men.[1] In addition, 3,600 troops of the regular army and mercenaries were stationed in Royal Prussia.[1]

Georg Friedrich von Waldeck urged the "Great Elector" to confront the Swedish forces, the latter chose not to fight and accept the Swedish terms in January.[6]

Ermland
(Warmia) as Swedish fiefs

Treaty between Brandenburg-Prussia and Sweden

Ermland.[2]

In article XVII, the

religious freedom to the Lutherans in Prussia.[7]

Treaty between Brandenburg-Prussia and France

The Franco-Prussian treaty included a defensive alliance between the parties.[3] Drafted on 24 February, it was ratified on 12 April by Louis in Paris and on 24 October by Frederick William in Königsberg.[3]

Consequences

The treaty of Königsberg was followed by the

Brandenburg-Prussia advanced to the position of a Swedish ally.[8]

Charles X Gustav of Sweden
(right)

Still a vassal of Charles X Gustav for Prussia,

Tartars had the Swedes for breakfeast, he would arrest the elector "where neither sun nor moon will shine".[2] In August, John II Casimir had Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski invade Prussia to "punish Frederick William for his treachery".[10] Thirteen towns and 250 villages were burned until Gosiewski was expelled in October, and the campaign was terrifying enough to persist in local folklore until the 20th century.[11]

Hard-pressed himself by several countries entering the war against him, Charles X Gustav in January 1656 agreed with Frederick William I on the

Wehlau and Bromberg, John II Casimir confirmed Frederick William I's sovereignty in Prussia after the latter abandoned Sweden in the war.[13]

See also

Sources

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Frost (2000), p. 171
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Press (1991), p. 402
  3. ^ a b c von Moerner (1965), p. 201
  4. ^ a b c d e Press (1991), p. 401
  5. ^ Frost (2000), p. 172
  6. ^ Press (1991), pp. 401-402
  7. ^ Evans (1997), p. 54
  8. ^ Frost (2000), p. 173
  9. ^ Frost (2000), pp. 173-174
  10. ^ Frost (2000), p. 177
  11. ^ Frost (2000), p. 178
  12. ^ Press (1991), pp. 402-403
  13. ^ Press (1991), p. 403

Bibliography

  • Evans, Malcolm (1997). Religious liberty and international law in Europe. Cambridge studies in international and comparative law. Vol. 6. Cambridge University Press.
    ISBN 0-521-55021-1
    .
  • Frost, Robert I (2000). The Northern Wars. War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721. Harlow: Longman.
    ISBN 978-0-582-06429-4
    .
  • von Moerner, Theodor, ed. (1965). Königlich Geheimes Staatsarchiv. Kurbrandenburgs Staatsverträge von 1601-1700 (in German). de Gruyter.
  • Press, Volker (1991). Kriege und Krisen. Deutschland 1600-1715. Neue deutsche Geschichte (in German). Vol. 5. Munich: Beck.
    ISBN 3-406-30817-1
    .

External links
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