Triaenops goodmani

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Triaenops goodmani
Temporal range: Early Holocene
A mandible.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Rhinonycteridae
Genus: Triaenops
Species:
†T. goodmani
Binomial name
†Triaenops goodmani
Samonds, 2007
Species of Triaenops occur in isolated regions in Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, and southern Iran to southern Pakistan.
Collection locality of Triaenops goodmani (in brown) and distribution of living species of Triaenops (green—
T. parvus.[2]

Triaenops goodmani is an extinct bat from

hypoconid
, not much higher as in the other species.

Taxonomy and distribution

In 1996, a team led by David Burney collected breccias containing remains of bats and other animals from the cave of Anjohibe in northwestern Madagascar.[3] The bats in the sample were described by Karen Samonds (previously Irwin) in her 2006 Ph.D. dissertation and a 2007 paper.[4] She found several living species in addition to two extinct ones that she described as new, Triaenops goodmani and Hipposideros besaoka.[5] At the time, the genus Triaenops was thought to include three species on Madagascar–Triaenops auritus, Triaenops furculus, and Triaenops rufus.[6] Since then, Steven Goodman and Julie Ranivo have discovered that the name rufus is not in fact applicable to the Madagascar species and proposed the name Triaenops menamena for the Madagascan bats previously known as Triaenops rufus.[7]

In addition, Petr Benda and Peter Vallo have removed the other two Madagascan species to a separate genus

morphological data could not resolve the relationships of Triaenops goodmani, but did not place it with the other species of Triaenops and Paratriaenops studied.[10] In a 2008 paper, Amy Russell and colleagues commented that cranial (skull) characteristics of T. goodmani suggest it is a member of the "T. furcula/T. auritus group", now placed in Paratriaenops.[11]

Description

Triaenops goodmani is known from three

cingulum) at the front and back of the tooth.[6] The last two molars are similar to m1, but in m2 the talonid is only slightly wider than the trigonid and in m3 the two are of equal width.[14] In addition, a shelf is present between the protoconid and hypoconid on m2[6] and m3 is smaller, lacks the gap between the entoconid and hypoconulid, and has a weak ridge between the entoconid and metaconid.[14] These characteristics are typical of Triaenops and Paratriaenops.[12]

From the same site where T. goodmani was found, Samonds also recorded the distal (far) end of a Triaenops humerus (upper arm bone), with a width of 3.58 mm. This bone was similar to humeri of T. menamena, but she did not identify it as either species because of the small size difference between T. menamena and T. goodmani.[16] In site NCC-1 (estimated 69,600 to 86,800 years old),[17] two Triaenops mandibles were recorded, one with p4 and m1 and another with m1–2 and part of m3.[18] Relative to living Triaenops and Paratriaenops, m1 in those jaws is longer and narrower. Although sample sizes are small, the measurements do not resemble those of T. goodmani. In addition, the ridge between the entoconid and metaconid is stronger than in T. goodmani. Samonds identified these jaws only as Triaenops.[19]

References

  1. ^ Samonds, 2007, p. 62
  2. ^ Samonds, 2007, fig. 1; Benda and Vallo, 2009, fig. 1
  3. ^ Samonds, 2007, pp. 40–41
  4. ^ Samonds, 2006; 2007
  5. ^ Samonds, 2007, p. 39
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Samonds, 2007, p. 46
  7. ^ Goodman and Ranivo, 2009
  8. ^ Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34
  9. ^ Samonds, 2007, pp. 42–43
  10. ^ Samonds, 2006, p. 178, figs. 4.6, 4.7
  11. ^ Russell et al., 2008, p. 1001
  12. ^ a b Samonds, 2007, p. 48
  13. ^ Samonds, 2007, table 3
  14. ^ a b c d Samonds, 2007, p. 47
  15. ^ Samonds, 2007, pp. 46–47
  16. ^ Samonds, 2007, p. 49
  17. ^ Samonds, 2007, p. 43
  18. ^ Samonds, 2007, p. 55
  19. ^ Samonds, 2007, p. 57

Literature cited

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