Tsushima, Nagasaki
Tsushima
対馬市 | |
---|---|
Ring-necked pheasant | |
Flower | Azalea |
Tree | Chionanthus retusus |
Tsushima (対馬市, Tsushima-shi) is an island
History
An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Izuhara, Sasuna, and Shishimi as open ports for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom.[2]
On April 1, 1975, Toyotama Village was promoted to the status of a town. Mine Village was also elevated to the status of a town in the following year.
The modern city of Tsushima was established on March 1, 2004, from the merger of six towns on Tsushima Island: Izuhara, Mitsushima, and Toyotama (all from Shimoagata District), and Mine, Kamiagata, and Kamitsushima (all from Kamiagata District). Both districts were dissolved as a result of this merger.
Geography
The city of Tsushima is located on
Islands
Several other islands encompass Tsushima city, in addition to Kamino-shima and Shimono-shima, both of which makes up the Tsushima Island(s):
- Santsu-jima (三ッ島)
- Shimayama-jima[3] (島山島)
- Uni Island
Flora and fauna
Tsushima cat
Native to the island is the
Climate
Tsushima has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with very warm summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is much heavier in summer than in winter.
Climate data for Izuhara, Tsushima (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1886–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 19.8 (67.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.8 (82.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.9 (91.2) |
36.9 (98.4) |
36.8 (98.2) |
34.6 (94.3) |
30.2 (86.4) |
26.9 (80.4) |
22.3 (72.1) |
36.9 (98.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) |
10.5 (50.9) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.1 (64.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.7 (76.5) |
28.3 (82.9) |
30.0 (86.0) |
26.5 (79.7) |
22.3 (72.1) |
17.1 (62.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
19.5 (67.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
6.9 (44.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
26.8 (80.2) |
23.4 (74.1) |
18.7 (65.7) |
13.3 (55.9) |
8.0 (46.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
10.3 (50.5) |
14.4 (57.9) |
18.5 (65.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
24.2 (75.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
15.3 (59.5) |
9.6 (49.3) |
4.9 (40.8) |
12.7 (54.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −7.7 (18.1) |
−8.6 (16.5) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
4.8 (40.6) |
6.2 (43.2) |
12.2 (54.0) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.8 (47.8) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−8.6 (16.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 80.1 (3.15) |
94.7 (3.73) |
172.3 (6.78) |
218.4 (8.60) |
241.2 (9.50) |
294.4 (11.59) |
370.5 (14.59) |
326.4 (12.85) |
235.5 (9.27) |
120.8 (4.76) |
100.6 (3.96) |
68.0 (2.68) |
2,302.6 (90.65) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.4 | 6.8 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 10.5 | 9.0 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 99.8 |
Average snowy days (≥ 1 cm) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
61 | 62 | 65 | 68 | 72 | 82 | 83 | 81 | 78 | 70 | 68 | 63 | 71 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 147.6 | 143.5 | 161.5 | 183.1 | 199.2 | 136.3 | 136.1 | 160.4 | 131.1 | 161.1 | 149.0 | 153.9 | 1,862.8 |
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[5][6] |
Climate data for Mitsushima, Tsushima (2003–2020 normals, extremes 2003–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
25.4 (77.7) |
29.8 (85.6) |
31.2 (88.2) |
34.6 (94.3) |
35.7 (96.3) |
31.8 (89.2) |
29.5 (85.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
21.9 (71.4) |
35.7 (96.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) |
9.7 (49.5) |
12.9 (55.2) |
17.3 (63.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.9 (82.2) |
29.5 (85.1) |
25.8 (78.4) |
21.5 (70.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
10.4 (50.7) |
18.8 (65.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) |
6.7 (44.1) |
9.6 (49.3) |
13.7 (56.7) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.9 (76.8) |
26.5 (79.7) |
22.9 (73.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
13.3 (55.9) |
7.6 (45.7) |
15.7 (60.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
10.3 (50.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.4 (65.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
20.6 (69.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
10.1 (50.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
12.8 (55.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | −6.5 (20.3) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
3.4 (38.1) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
8.3 (46.9) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 60.9 (2.40) |
80.3 (3.16) |
130.1 (5.12) |
157.8 (6.21) |
179.8 (7.08) |
224.3 (8.83) |
325.9 (12.83) |
249.2 (9.81) |
247.6 (9.75) |
96.6 (3.80) |
73.3 (2.89) |
56.4 (2.22) |
1,882.2 (74.10) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.9 | 6.9 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 7.4 | 9.5 | 11.4 | 8.6 | 9.6 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 94 |
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[7][8] |
Climate data for Uni Island (1995–2020 normals, extremes 1995–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 19.9 (67.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
26.0 (78.8) |
29.7 (85.5) |
30.3 (86.5) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.0 (96.8) |
31.7 (89.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
24.3 (75.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
36.0 (96.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
13.4 (56.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
21.2 (70.2) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.1 (80.8) |
28.9 (84.0) |
25.3 (77.5) |
21.4 (70.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
18.7 (65.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) |
6.9 (44.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.8 (69.4) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
22.9 (73.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
15.8 (60.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
24.3 (75.7) |
21.2 (70.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
5.6 (42.1) |
13.5 (56.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −7.8 (18.0) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
2.4 (36.3) |
9.4 (48.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
4.7 (40.5) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.3 (1.70) |
46.9 (1.85) |
87.5 (3.44) |
105.1 (4.14) |
113.6 (4.47) |
191.5 (7.54) |
264.9 (10.43) |
230.7 (9.08) |
159.9 (6.30) |
78.8 (3.10) |
65.8 (2.59) |
36.8 (1.45) |
1,434.9 (56.49) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.6 | 5.8 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 7.4 | 9.5 | 10.4 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 4.8 | 89.1 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 180.2 | 168.3 | 198.6 | 210.2 | 220.1 | 151.5 | 168.0 | 197.1 | 152.9 | 179.7 | 168.8 | 182.4 | 2,173.5 |
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[9][10] |
Demographics and culture
The population of Tsushima Island has been decreasing significantly. Between the years of 1995 and 2000, the decline was 5.2%.[11] As nuclear families replace the traditional extended families, the average household is smaller, as is the total population.[11] The elderly comprise nearly a quarter of the population here, compared to 20.8% of the Nagasaki Prefecture as a whole, and 17.3% of the population of Japan.[11]
Religious traditions on Tsushima Island mirror those of the rest of Japan, with a majority of the population adhering to Buddhism or Shinto.
Years | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Population | 52,472 | 50,810 | 48,875 | 46,064 | 43,513 | 41,230 |
Age 0–14 | 14,449 | 12,845 | 11,615 | 10,050 | 8,352 | 6,834 |
Age 15–64 | 33,028 | 32,528 | 31,376 | 29,264 | 27,145 | 25,001 |
Age 65 & older | 4,995 | 5,437 | 5,884 | 6,735 | 8,016 | 9,395 |
Households | 14,760 | 15,176 | 15,232 | 15,164 | 15,169 | 15,038 |
Economy
Many Tsushima residents are employed as fishermen. It is also known for its pearl culture.[12] The natural environment of the Tsushima Islands also contributes to the local tourism industry.[13] Beaches are crowded with tourists in the summer.[citation needed]
Transportation
Airport
Tsushima Airport (TSJ) is approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of the city, with daily services to Fukuoka and Nagasaki serviced by ANA and Oriental Air Bridge.[14]
Seaport
Tsushima has two sea ports, Izuhara and Hitakatsu. Ferries cross to the port of
Road
Broadcasting
Tsushima has received 12 digital TV channels from
Sister cities
See also
- History of Japan
- Oei Invasion(応永の外寇)
- Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
- Battle of Tsushima
- So clan
- Tsushima Fuchu domain
Notes
- ^ "Official website of Tsushima City" (in Japanese). Japan: Tsushima City. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.
- ^ List of Japanese Islands Archived 2016-06-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The Tsushima Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilura): Population Viability Analysis and Conservation Strategy" (PDF). web.archive.org. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
- ^ 観測史上1~10位の値(年間を通じての値). JMA. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値). JMA. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
- ^ 観測史上1~10位の値(年間を通じての値). JMA. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値). JMA. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
- ^ 観測史上1~10位の値(年間を通じての値). JMA. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値). JMA. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
- ^ a b c Info on Tsushima Shi
- ^ "The Secrets of Pearl Harvesting in Japan". All About Japan. 2018-03-22. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
- ^ Organization, Japan National Tourism. "Tsushima Island | Travel Japan - Japan National Tourism Organization (Official Site)". Travel Japan. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
- ^ Flightradar24. "Tsushima Airport Route Map". Flightradar24. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
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External links
Japanese
- Map of Tsushima, general overview
- Tsushima's Statistics
- Tsushima Airport
- Old pictures of Tsushima
- Tsushima Tourist and Product Society