Tutuala

Coordinates: 8°23′34.44″S 127°15′24.12″E / 8.3929000°S 127.2567000°E / -8.3929000; 127.2567000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This article is about the village. For the administrative post, see Tutuala Administrative Post.
Tutuala
Suco and town
UTC+9 (East Timor Standard Time)
ClimateAw

Tutuala is a village and

Lautém District, East Timor). It is situated at the extreme eastern end of Timor.[1] Its population at the 2004 census was 3,707. The subdistrict of Tutuala comprises two sucos, including Mehara and Tutuala with the subdistrict administrator residing in Tutuala. The suco of Tutuala comprised four hamlets (aldeia): Ioro, Pitileti, Tchailoro, and Vero.[2] The main Fataluku language areas of the country are in Tutuala, as well as Lautem and Fuiloro.[3]

History

Historical places around Tutuala
(red: villages;
grey: caves;
blue: fortifications)[4]
Map of Tutuala administrative post

In Tutuala, 24 clans or ratu have been identified.[citation needed] Tutuala were the autochthonous ratu in the village and senior people in the ratu are considered as the "Lord of the Land" (mua occawa) of the Tutuala region.[incomprehensible][5] According to local tradition, the Tutuala ratu and Kati ratu clans originally spoke the Makuva language.[citation needed] All other clans in the district originated from outside Timor, bringing their own language with them during their migration.[6] One clan has been identified as originating from southeastern Maluku.[citation needed]

Until World War II, the Lata people were settled in ancestral homes inside the forests, dependent upon the forests for their livelihoods. Many villages settled along the edges of the road or along the coast date to the period of Portuguese occupation, and after 1945 during the Indonesian occupation. Forested uplands in the Tutuala area were inhabited by the ratu or "clan groups" which included the walled and open settlements of Lata and also caves (veraka) which housed ancestral figures.[7] According to Timorese legend, Fataluku people believe that "Jaco Island (Totina), near Titula, is identified by Fatalaku people as “the head of the land”, while the rest of the island constitutions the body".[5]

Geography

Tutuala is situated at the eastern end of Timor, 31 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Lospalos. Tutuala is bordered to the north by the Banda Sea, to the southeast by the Timor Sea and to the west by the suco of Mehara. The settlement of Muapitine is separated from Tutuala by the Vekase River.[8] The road to Tutuala passes along the northern periphery of Lake Ira Lalaro and passes through the village of Mehara where Falalaku-style houses can be seen. During the rainy season this stretch of road is prone to flooding from rising lake waters.[9]

anemone fish and sea turtles, is separated from Valu Beach by a narrow strait.[10]

Tutuala is situated within the Nino Konis Santana National Park. Geographic features of importance include Lake Ira Lalaro and Mount Paitchau, as well as the caves of Léné Ara, Ile Kére Kére and O Hi.[11][1]

Climate

Climate data for Tutuala (Average monthly temperature and precipitation)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30
(86) 		30
(86) 		31
(88) 		32
(90) 		32
(90) 		32
(90) 		32
(90) 		33
(91) 		33
(91) 		32
(90) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		33
(91)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23
(73) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 511.8
(20.15) 		446.5
(17.58) 		336.3
(13.24) 		210.8
(8.30) 		238.3
(9.38) 		175.1
(6.89) 		182.9
(7.20) 		160.3
(6.31) 		170.3
(6.70) 		186.5
(7.34) 		324.7
(12.78) 		413.6
(16.28) 		3,357.1
(132.15)
Source: [12]

Archaeology

Rock painting in Ile Kére Kére
Rock painting in Lene Hara cave

The caves of Ile Kére Kére were excavated in 1966–1967, and numerous items such as stone tools and the bones of giant rats were unearthed, and some of the archaeological finds in the nearby caves of Lene Hara are carbon dated to 30,000 years ago. The caves also had cave paintings. Guerrilla fighters used these caves as hiding places during wartime.

Jerimalai, also located at the tip of the island, was occupied over 42,000 years ago; inhabitants, who left behind stone tools and shells, were noted to have eaten turtles, tuna, and rats.[15]

Gallery

  • Rice field in Mehara
    Rice field in Mehara
  • Holy houses and meeting hall in Ioro, 1970
    Holy houses and meeting hall in Ioro, 1970
  • Lake Ira Lalaro floodplain and surrounding area
    Lake Ira Lalaro floodplain and surrounding area
  • View from Jaco Island
    View from Jaco Island
  • Tutuala beach, in front of Jaco island
    Tutuala beach, in front of Jaco island
  • Church in Tutuala
    Church in Tutuala
  • Pousada (hotel) in Tutuala, former seat of the colonial administrator
    Pousada (hotel) in Tutuala, former seat of the colonial administrator
  • Graffiti in Tutuala, saying "murderer" in memory of the massacre by pro-Indonesian guerrilla forces, 1999
    Graffiti in Tutuala, saying "murderer" in memory of the massacre by pro-Indonesian guerrilla forces, 1999

References

  1. ^ a b Lonely Planet 2004, p. 81.
  2. ^ Jornal da Républica 2009, p. 3611.
  3. ^ McWilliam & Traube 2011, p. 64.
  4. ^ Lape 2006.
  5. ^ a b Miksic, Goh & O'Connor 2011, p. 42.
  6. ^ Sarmento 2010, p. 243.
  7. ^ McWilliam & Traube 2011, p. 226.
  8. ^ Reuter & Reuter 2006, p. 274.
  9. ^ Lonely Planet 2004, pp. 81–82.
  10. ^ Lonely Planet 2004, pp. 82–83.
  11. ^ European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists. International Conference 2006, p. 89.
  12. ^ Worldweather online.
  13. ^ Lonely Planet 2004, p. 82.
  14. ^ O'Connor, Spriggs & Veth 2002.
  15. ^ Smith 2006.

Bibliography

External links

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