Typhoon Flo (1993)

Add links
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Typhoon Kadiang" redirects here. Not to be confused with
Typhoon Kading
.
Typhoon Flo (Kadiang)
Satellite image of Typhoon Flo approaching the Philippines on October 4, with Typhoon Ed to its east
Meteorological history
FormedOctober 1, 1993
ExtratropicalOctober 8, 1993
DissipatedOctober 11, 1993
Typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds120 km/h (75 mph)
Lowest pressure970 hPa (mbar); 28.64 inHg
Category 1-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds130 km/h (80 mph)
Overall effects
Fatalities576[1]
Damage$188 million (1993 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines
Part of the 1993 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Flo, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Kadiang, was a catastrophic and deadly minimal typhoon that hit the northern

interaction with the nearby Super Typhoon Ed. The twenty-seventh depression, twenty-second named storm and the eleventh typhoon of the 1993 Pacific typhoon season, Flo originated from an area of convection that was embedded from a monsoon trough during September 28. Two days later, a tropical depression formed within this trough, to the west of Guam. Slowly organizing, it remained a tropical depression until on October 2, when it strengthened to a tropical storm and was given the name Flo by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Slight wind shear from nearby Ed inhibited development; however, it intensified to a minimal typhoon as it neared the coastline of Luzon. On October 3, it made landfall near the Isabela-Aurora in its peak. It then crossed the country while weakening, and moved ashore near the South China Sea the next morning. It then unexpectedly moved back to the country due to its interaction with Ed, and it moved back to the Philippine Sea on October 17 before accelerating to the south of Japan
. It then became extratropical on the next day.

Flo caused over 500 deaths, mainly due to flash floods. Some houses were also buried in mud due to the lahar released by

USD).[2]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

A persistent and broad area of convection was first mentioned by the

extratropical transition.[6] At 18:00 UTC of October 18, it then fully became extratropical near Japan.[4] The remnants of the system accelerated to the north-northeast, before dissipating on 06:00 UTC of October 11 over the Sea of Okhotsk.[4]

Preparations

As Flo approaches the

$360,000) from the calamity fund for food packs that would be given to the evacuees.[2]

Impact

Flo inland on October 5

Between 02:00 and 04:00 UTC, Flo (known as Kadiang in the

Northern Luzon.[2] Widespread flooding were also reported at these areas, including some parts of Calabarzon and Metro Manila.[2][10] Adding on, over 384,802 families were affected.[2]

As reported by the

$188 million, 2005 USD).[2][22][23] The total deaths were finalized from 86 to 576 individuals, making it one of the deadliest tropical cyclones to hit the country.[7][24]

Aftermath

International aid

President

$1.35 million for agricultural rehabilitation.[25]

However, these efforts were halted as Typhoon Ira of early-November of the same season caused heavy destruction towards the country.[26]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-981-230-978-5
    .
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Philippines Typhoon Flo Oct 1993 UN DHA Information Reports 1-5". ReliefWeb. October 6, 1993. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (1994). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1993 (PDF) (Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. p. 56. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). 1993 Typhoon FLO (1993271N14134). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  5. ^
    .TXT
    )    . Japan Meteorological Agency. January 4, 1992. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "ROYAL OBSERVATORY HONG KONG TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 1993" (PDF). Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  7. ^ a b "Deadliest, most destructive cyclones of the Philippines". The Philippine Star. November 11, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h "THE ELEVEN WORST TYPHOONS OF THE PHILIPPINES (1947-2006)". typhoon2000.ph. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  9. ^ "GUSTY TYPHOON FLO BASHES MANILA, RURAL PHILIPPINES". Orlando Sentinel. October 5, 1993. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Tropical storm Flo batters northern Philippines". upi.com. October 5, 1993. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  11. ^ a b "Storm nears Philippines, another typhoon approaches". upi.com. October 4, 1993. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  12. ^ a b "Philippine storm toll climbs to 15". upi.com. October 5, 1993. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  13. ^ "Typhoon tears into Philippine coast". The Pantagraph. 1993-10-04. p. 5. Retrieved 2021-04-03.
  14. Newspapers.com.Open access icon
  15. ^
    Newspapers.com.Open access icon
  16. Newspapers.com.Open access icon
  17. Newspapers.com.Open access icon
  18. ^ "Typhoon slams Philippines". Iowa City Press-Citizen. 1993-10-04. p. 3. Retrieved 2021-04-03.
  19. Newspapers.com.Open access icon
  20. Newspapers.com.Open access icon
  21. ^ "Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence". chanrobles.com. August 24, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  22. ^ "Climate disasters in PH becoming costlier". news.abs-cbn.com. June 28, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  23. ^ "Most destructive tropical cyclones". gmanetwork.com. June 25, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  24. ISBN 9789712320262
    . Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  25. ^ a b "Ramos declares state of calamity in northern flood area". UPI. Retrieved 2021-04-03.
  26. ^ "Evacuations urged as typhoon Ira nears northern Philippines". UPI. Retrieved 2021-04-03.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typhoon Flo (1993).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Typhoon_Flo_(1993)&oldid=1200950139"