Ulanhu
Ulanhu | |
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ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠦᠦ 乌兰夫 | |
Vice President of the People's Republic of China | |
In office 15 March 1983 – 15 March 1988 | |
President | Li Xiannian |
Leader | Deng Xiaoping |
Preceded by | Soong Ching-ling and Dong Biwu (until 1972) vacant |
Succeeded by | Wang Zhen |
Personal details | |
Born | 23 December 1907 Tumed Left Banner, Suiyuan, Qing dynasty (present-day Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China) |
Died | 8 December 1988 Beijing, China | (aged 80)
Political party | Chinese Communist Party |
Spouse | Yun Liren |
Alma mater | Moscow Sun Yat-sen University |
Ulanhu | |||||
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Chinese name | |||||
Mongolian Cyrillic | Улаанхүү | ||||
Mongolian script | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠦᠦ | ||||
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Ulanhu or Ulanfu (
An ethnic
Ulanhu was the highest-ranking minority official in PRC history, and became an icon of loyalty both to the Mongolian people and to the PRC.[3] Except for the period of the Cultural Revolution, his family dominated the politics of Inner Mongolia.[4] His son Buhe served as Chairman of Inner Mongolia for a decade, and his granddaughter Bu Xiaolin was appointed to the same position in 2016.
Early career
Born in Tumed Left Banner, just outside the city of Hohhot, Ulanhu was the child of herders. He went to elementary school in his hometown, and went on to study at the Mongolian-Tibetan College of Beiping (now Beijing). He joined the Socialist Youth League of China (later renamed Communist Youth League) in 1924, intending to become communist revolutionary. In 1925, he joined the Chinese Communist Party and was sent to Moscow Sun Yat-sen University in the Soviet Union to study Marxism. In Moscow, Ulanhu shared a desk with Chiang Ching-kuo, the son of Chiang Kai-shek.
In 1929, when he returned from his studies, Ulanhu began organizing communist rallies in Mongolia, and was appointed a Committee Member of the CCP's West-Mongolia Working Committee. In 1931, Ulanhu was chosen to run the military and intelligence offices in Mongolia, serving in Ikh Juu League (now the city of
Civil war
During the Chinese Civil War, Ulanhu was one of the commanders of the
Early PRC
In September 1954, Ulanhu was named Vice-Premier, ranking eighth.
In 1955 he was awarded the rank of General (shangjiang), becoming one of only 57 generals bestowed the honour of being a "founding general" of the People's Republic. He served as Party Committee Secretary and regional government chairman of Inner Mongolia from the region's founding to 1966.[citation needed]
During the Great Leap Forward, Ulanhu delayed de facto communization in Mongol pastoral areas.[5]: 134 Traditional forms of herd management remained until 1965 when herds were communized just before the Cultural Revolution.[5]: 134–135
Cultural Revolution
At the beginning of the
After rehabilitation and death
Ulanhu was politically rehabilitated in 1973, prior to the 10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, with the personal blessing of Mao Zedong. In 1977, Ulanhu became head of the United Front Department of the central organization of the CCP. Among various other posts, he served one term as Vice President of the People's Republic of China under President Li Xiannian from 1983 to 1988. Upon completion of the term as vice-president, he was elected vice-chairman of the National People's Congress. He died shortly thereafter in 1988 after an illness. He was eulogized with high honours by the CCP.[citation needed]
In 1992, the Ulanhu Memorial Hall was opened to the public in Hohhot. His Selected Works were published in 1999 at a dedication ceremony attended by Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party.[7] In December 2007, the CCP held a high-profile conference to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Ulanhu's birth. In 2009, the historic epic Spring Comes Early to the Grasslands aired on China Central Television, and depicted some of Ulanhu's activities during the revolution.[citation needed]
Family
Ulanhu married twice and had four sons and four daughters. His son, Buhe, served as the Chairman of Inner Mongolia from 1982 to 1993. His granddaughter (Buhe's daughter) Bu Xiaolin was appointed Chairwoman of Inner Mongolia in March 2016, making her the third generation of the Ulanhu family to hold that position.[8] Another son of Ulanhu, Uje, served as mayor of Baotou.[citation needed]
See also
- List of officers of the People's Liberation Army
- Inner Mongolian People's Republic
- Inner Mongolia incident
References
- ISBN 978-90-474-4259-2.
- ISBN 978-90-474-4259-2.
- ISBN 978-0-415-33204-0.
- ISBN 978-0-7425-1144-6.
- ^ ISBN 9780295751719.
- ^ "Ulanhu, 82, a Mongol Who Rose To High Posts in Beijing, Is Dead". The New York Times. 9 December 1988.
- ^ 新华网资料:乌兰夫
- ^ "Inner Mongolia names new chairwoman". Sohu. 31 March 2016.