Upminster
Upminster | |
---|---|
Location within Greater London | |
Population | 25,361 (Cranham and Upminster wards 2011)[1] |
OS grid reference | TQ560865 |
• Charing Cross | 16.5 mi (26.6 km) WSW |
London borough | |
Ceremonial county | Greater London |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | UPMINSTER |
Postcode district | RM14 |
Dialling code | 01708 |
Police | Metropolitan |
Fire | London |
Ambulance | London |
UK Parliament | |
London Assembly | |
Upminster is a suburban town in East London, England, within the London Borough of Havering. Located 16.5 miles (26.6 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross, it is one of the locally important district centres identified in the London Plan.
Historically a rural village, it formed an
It was first connected to central London by rail in 1885 and has a
History
Toponymy
1881 | 1,202 |
---|---|
1891 | 1,409 |
1901 | 1,477 |
1911 | 2,468 |
1921 | 3,559 |
1931 | 5,732 |
1941 | war # |
1951 | 13,038 |
# no census was held due to war | |
source: UK census[2] |
The placename Upminster is first recorded in 1062 as Upmynstre and is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Upmunstra.[3] It is formed from Old English upp and mynster, meaning 'the large church on high ground'. The high ground of St Laurence's parish church being in relation to the valley of the River Ingrebourne and the Upminster Bridge over the river shares the name.[3] An alternative explanation suggests the upp could refer to the geographical relationship to a church at Barking or Tilbury in Anglo-Saxon times.[4]
Economic development
There was a Roman farmstead in the Upminster area from the 1st century to the 3rd century, and agriculture was the predominant industry throughout the following centuries.[5]
The area was once wooded, but clearances in the 12th century gave more land over to arable farming; and by the 17th century there were a variety of crops and livestock.
The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway from Fenchurch Street was extended from Barking to Upminster in 1885.[8] The underground Whitechapel and Bow Railway opened in 1902 and allowed through services of the District Railway to operate to Upminster. The District converted to electric trains in 1905 and services were cut back to East Ham. Delayed by World War I,[8] electrified tracks were extended by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway to Upminster and through services resumed in 1932.[9][10]
Local government
Upminster formed an ancient parish of 3,369 acres (1,363 ha) in the
Urban development
The parish had three early centres of activity; the village around the church and the settlements of Hacton and Corbets Tey.[5] The estates of Gaynes, New Place and Upminster Hall were purchased during the 17th century by merchants in the City of London.[5] This caused a significant number of buildings in the town to be constructed or improved.[5] Upkeep of the three bridges crossing the Ingrebourne were the responsibility of Upminster, as the adjacent Hornchurch parish was in the Havering liberty and was exempt from responsibility because of its charter. Although the opening of the station was key to the development of the suburb, land was not purchased for development until 10 acres (4.0 ha) were secured in 1901.[5]
Electricity was introduced in Upminster in 1926.
Governance
The town forms part of the
Geography
Upminster rises to about 200 feet (61 m) above sea level to the north and is about 50 feet (15 m) above sea level to the south.
Demography
Upminster compared (2001 Census) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statistic | Upminster[19] | Cranham[20] | Havering[19] | London[19] | England[19] |
Ethnic group | |||||
White | 12,354 | 11,930 | 213,421 | 5,103,203 | 44,679,361 |
Asian | 133 | 120 | 4,088 | 866,693 | 2,248,289 |
Black | 59 | 64 | 3,139 | 782,849 | 1,132,508 |
Mixed | 87 | 78 | 2,298 | 226,111 | 643,373 |
Chinese/Other | 41 | 19 | 827 | 70,928 | 231,424 |
Population | |||||
Total | 12,674 | 12,242 | 224,248 | 7,172,091 | 49,138,831 |
Density(/hectare) | 5.62 | 18.67 | 19.97 | 45.62 | 3.77 |
Households | 4,946 | 5,111 | 91,722 | 3,015,997 | 20,451,427 |
The Havering committee area for Upminster is defined as the wards of Upminster and Cranham.
The 2011 census showed that the population was 96% white (92% British, 2% Other, 2% Irish). Indian, Chinese and Black African were 1% each. 75% of the population is Christian, the highest recorded in London.[26]
Economy
Upminster is identified in the
Transport
The town is served by
Culture
Havering Council's urban strategy recognises that nearby Hornchurch is the main cultural hub of the borough with a large theatre and arts spaces, and Romford offers the largest regional concentration of entertainment facilities.
Speed of sound
The speed of sound was first accurately calculated by the Reverend William Derham, Rector of Upminster, thus improving on Sir Isaac Newton's estimates. Derham used a telescope from the tower of the church of St Laurence, Upminster to observe the flash of a distant shotgun being fired, and then measured the time until he heard the gunshot with a half-second pendulum. Measurements were made of gunshots from a number of local landmarks, including the Church of St Mary Magdalene, North Ockendon. The distance was known by triangulation, and thus the speed that the sound had travelled could be calculated.[39]
See also
- List of people from Havering
- List of schools in Havering
References
- ^ Census Information Scheme (2012). "2011 Census Ward Population figures for London". Greater London Authority. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ Great Britain Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Upminster population. Retrieved {{{accessdate}}}.
- ^ a b Mills, D. (2000). Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names. Oxford.
- ^ Blair, John (2005). The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society. Oxford University Press. p. 102.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Powell, W.R. (Edr.) (1978). Upminster: Introduction and manors, A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7. Victoria County History. British History Online. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ISBN 1-84188-135-X.
- ^ hurdler46 (26 April 2018). "Upminster's lost brickworks". Old Upminster. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "London, Tilbury and Southend Railway", Local Studies Information Sheets, Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council, 2008, archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2010, retrieved 8 February 2010
- ISBN 1-85414-219-4.
- ISBN 1-84354-023-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Powell, W.R. (Edr.) (1978). Upminster: Local government and parliamentary representation, A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7. Victoria County History. British History Online. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ Robson, William (1939). The Government and Mis-government of London. London: Allen & Unwin.
- ^ Great Britain Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Havering London Borough. Retrieved {{{accessdate}}}.
- ^ "Cranham Ward - Local election results 2010". Havering London Borough Council. 8 June 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
- ^ "Upminster Ward - Local election results 2010". Havering London Borough Council. 8 June 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
- ^ a b Baston, Lewis (8 February 2008). "Havering and Redbridge". guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
- ^ Robson, William (1939). The Government and Mis-government of London. London: Allen & Unwin. pp. 26–27.
- ^ Royal Mail (2004). Address Management Guide (4 ed.). Royal Mail Group. p. 168.
- ^ a b c d e f Neighbourhood Statistics (2001). "2001 Census: Census Area Statistics, Area: Upminster (Ward)". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ a b c Neighbourhood Statistics (2001). "2001 Census: Census Area Statistics, Area: Cranham (Ward)". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ Upminster Area Committee (June 2009). "Upminster Area Committee (Cranham & Upminster Wards) Agenda". Havering London Borough Council. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ Piggott, Gareth (January 2006). "Simpson's diversity indices by ward 1991 and 2001" (PDF). Data Management and Analysis Group. Greater London Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
- ^ "Area: Upminster (Ward): Tenure (KS18)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. 9 November 2004. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
- ^ "Area: Cranham (Ward): Tenure (KS18)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. 9 November 2004. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
- ^ "Ward Level Summary Measures of Indices of Deprivation 2010" (PDF). Greater London Authority. January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ "Upminster - UK Census Data 2011".
- ^ a b Mayor of London (May 2006). "The London Plan: East London Sub Regional Development Framework" (PDF). Greater London Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ "Town centre management". Havering London Borough Council. 14 October 2008. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
- ^ "Havering UDP: District Centres (schedule 7)". Havering London Borough Council. March 1993. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
- ^ Transport for London (March 2009). "High frequency services" (PDF). Greater London Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ "Train Times" (PDF). c2c. May 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ "Table 6" (PDF). National Express East Anglia. May 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ Transport for London (March 2008). "Buses from Upminster" (PDF). Greater London Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2007. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ Urban Practitioners & Allies and Morrison (July 2005). "Romford Urban Strategy". Havering London Borough Council. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
- ^ "New Windmill Hall". Havering London Borough Council. 19 June 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
- ^ "Tourism". Havering London Borough Council. 15 September 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
- ^ "Upminster Windmill, St Marys Lane, Upminster, Havering, Greater London". English Heritage. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ Balls, Richard (2001). Sex & drugs & rock'n'roll: the life of Ian Dury. Omnibus Press. pp. 15–16.
- ^ Fox, Tony (2003). Essex Journal. The Essex Society for Archaeology & History. pp. 12–16.
External links
- Havering London Borough Council: A history of Upminster Archived 23 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- Essex walks - Upminster