User:Butnotsowithus/sandbox

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Selecting possible articles

Possible Area articles

Asylum in the United States

This page has a section called "U.S. government support after arrival" that is very brief and only discusses one legal act that allocates funding towards relief for refugees and victims of forced migration. It could be expanded to discuss the variety of non-governmental organizations that exist in the United States and the extent to which the U.S. is a receiving/sanctuary country for refugees. It could potentially be linked to plenty of other pages such as public assistance resources, supportive services, and sanctuary cities in the United States.

This page's talk page asks for added sections that can link it to other pages. It seems far removed from the other pages I went through that have to do with what resettlement looks like in the United States and the process of it. It's also area-specific to the U.S. and has a lot of focus on the history of refugee resettlement in the United States. But what I find interesting about it is the structural link to non-governmental organizations it has because the USRAP appears to be a consortium between government and non-governmental orgs which could be quite interesting for looking at how the U.S. approaches the refugee crisis.

Possible Sector articles

This article is just beginning and is ranked as high importance but seems like a new project. It could be very interesting to do some investigation in the history of social work and how the position itself was formed as a method of poverty alleviation. What I'm concerned about for myself personally is whether or not I will tend to get to caught up in analyzing the historical context rather than reporting it in an expository manner. But since casework is something I'd like to learn more about, I'd be interested in learning about the history of it/its evolution as an employable position. I don't know much going into it, so there is a possibility that the history is not particularly complex. There is also a section on multicultural prevalence that might be interesting to explore to see how casework differs from nation to nation.

Third country resettlement

This article is also just beginning and has a bit on the history but not that much about the history of resettlement efforts in receiving countries. It also addresses potential limitations in the selection process that might be interesting to explore since refugee status is a subjective determination by a state. I would want to compare how it's determined by various nations and whether or not there is actually a set standard for determining refugee status or not. I also would want to expand more specifically on how it's determined in the U.S., but that might overlap with my potential Area articles as well.

Evaluating two articles

Area

The article I will be evaluating for this portion is Asylum in the United States, specifically two sections: "U.S. government support after arrival" and "Application for resettlement by refugees abroad." Additionally, the lead section doesn't have up to date statistics on the number of refugees and asylum seekers that have entered the United States since 2014. Some sources distinguish asylum seekers and refugees, which is another distinction I'd like to look more into and see if it needs to be clarified in this article.

The former section I mentioned is extremely underdeveloped and not referenced at all in the Talk page. This section mentions the surge of displaced people in 2015 and could potentially form a separate subheading regarding the latest forced migration crisis and how this has impacted policies in the United States. I would focus it on finding statistics for the influx of refugees from 2015 to the present, the nations these refugees largely come from, and whether or not the process has changed since recent federal leadership has shifted perspectives in policy. This context is largely relevant, especially in the last year and a half, and can provide a missing lense to make the article more focused on the impact that politics and culture has on resettlement policy and the capacity for support in the United States.

In another subheading, I'd like to focus the government support section on linking resources in this section and potentially categorize them by area within the United States. For example, my organization, the International Rescue Committee, is a huge resource and has field offices in various cities in the U.S. Having an internal link to this organization, among others, could be very useful in making this section more comprehensive and informative for those seeking that kind of support. I also think it will allow the non-profit voice to be introduced into this article, since it's largely focused on legal avenues. I'd like to potentially make the portion on recent displacement a subheading under government support and focus it on recent government initiatives policies that are intended to provide resettlement support (or intended to inhibit resettlement).

As for the latter section, I primarily want to double check the citations for this section to make sure that the information is up-to-date, since it is relevant to my practice organization. This section is much better taken care of and written in a very objective manner. That said, there are a few bullet points under this subheading with quotes and no immediate citations. Therefore, I'd like to do a deeper dive into what sources are being used for this section to ensure that the information is as up to date as it can be.

Sector

The article I am evaluating for this portion is the

article. This page is a part of the WikiProject "Social Work," but it's not very extensive and lacks a lot of detail. The article could be more straightforward in the beginning and be more comprehensive. The talk page features very few posts, including one asking for the proper term to refer to people whom caseworkers help. Despite this being on the Talk page, the rhetoric employed in the article doesn't necessarily follow suit. Some of this is encompassed in what I edited during the last week's assignment, but I'd like to do a more thorough edit for the manner through which the article discusses case management clients.

The article also doesn't feature many categories on the history and development of case work or on the populations served by case workers or the types of cases typically taken on. This will be a larger undertaking as there is no established historical development section for this article. I think the article as it currently stands is superficially informative, but does not go in depth enough into the purpose of case work and how that purpose was born and has evolved over time. Case workers support clients through a large variety of intersocial conflict, and has extended largely into supporting those who experience homelessness or basic needs insecurity. This lense is largely missing from this article, particularly because it is a more recent development (specifically in the United States due to changes in demographics and visible poverty). I think there's huge potential here to establish a timeline for social case work and the evolution of the culture of confidentiality surrounding this type of work.

There is a small section called "Multicultural prevalence and acceptability" that I'd like to expand upon. There isn't any evidence on the Talk pages of anyone explaining their intentions for this, but I'd like to use it to bring the page up to date and include more viewpoints. The article is generally written in a very detached manner, focusing on a formulaic description of case work and manicured definitions. It's fairly neutral in that sense, but also seems to lack clarity in that the definitions are convoluted in an attempt to stay unbiased. Some of the lines seem redundant and define the same things more than once, just in different ways.

Lastly, awareness is important to me personally, so I want to look into linking other articles here that are relevant to case work or case management services that might serve as resources to those reading this article. I think this can be done in a neutral way and provide a better understanding through providing examples of services that handle the sensitive issues case workers generally do.

Bibliography

Note: Some of the sources I found online only had excerpts for me to view. I searched for the comprehensive source on OskiCat and requested some books from the University Library. These particular sources are denoted with (*) at the beginning and were not available in the on-campus libraries. I have requested them and they are in transit to UC Berkeley.

Area

** Another note is that as I continue to look into potential sources for these two articles, I've run into some overlap between the two as well as the question of the difference between asylum programs and refugee programs. Therefore, I have yet to assign both articles to myself, but might assign both and work on the two and parse through the similarities and differences, clarifying this for both articles.

***Potentially link USRAP in Asylum article and use each article to parse through and clean the language in each other in terms of clarifying between asylum status and refugee status.

UNHCR - Figures at a Glance^[1]

This source has really useful infographics with up to date statistics (as of June 19th, 2017) regarding the amount of people displaced every day worldwide. It's interesting because it is the website for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, so it represents an international institution and might have more transparent and legitimate data. That said, it will also be interesting to analyze within the classroom as a source with an institutional lens and to think critically about how that might affect the distillation of information for the general public.

Donald Kerwin; The Faltering US Refugee Protection System: Legal and Policy Responses to Refugees, Asylum-Seekers, and Others in Need of Protection, Refugee Survey Quarterly, Volume 31, Issue 1, 1 March 2012, Pages 1–33^[2]

Asylum seekers and refugees^[3]

This is an article from the Parliamentary Library in Australia that provides a comprehensive review of the misconceptions regarding asylum seekers and refugees. Though it is central to asylum and refugee resettlement in Australia, the misconceptions it addresses are still prevalent in other nations and it is relevant to understanding the legal ambiguity surrounding these conversations. It also references many UN websites and cites and summarizes some UN conventions. Ideally, I'd like to find a source similar to this one that is more U.S. focused, but for now I may use this source as a jumping off point for understanding common misconceptions regarding refugees, then I can investigate those frequently asked questions within the context of the United States.

The U.S. Refugee Resettlement Program Overview^[4]

This source is a simplified overview of what the U.S. Refugee Resettlement program looks like and is relevant to both articles. It's a jumping off point for me before I delve deeper into understanding the differences in policy.

The United States Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP)^[5]

This page is particularly relevant in providing me with background for the USRAP article. It has an "Additional Information" section with links to resources for refugees and asylum seekers who are seeking to enter the United States. I may use this later on when I create a resources section in either article, or both. I might also use it to look at the overlap of resources between asylum seekers and refugees.

*Legal immigration reform in the U.S.^[6]

This is a publication from the Center of Migration Studies in New York regarding the Immigration Act of 1990 and international bilateral agreements regarding immigration policies. It has a specific section (Part IV) that discusses new asylum law developments as of the 1990s and will provide information about refugee resettlement into the United States for the 1990s that will be interesting to compare to statistics and policies we are seeing shift today. This is relevant to the Asylum in the United States article because it's an official document that I can reference to better understand the procedures and laws surrounding asylum in the U.S.

Sector

Social Work Practice: History and Evolution^[7]

The Encyclopedia of Social Work provides an interesting and brief review of social work as a profession and social work practice as the means of achieving the goals of that profession. It begins by summarizing the growth of the profession in the United States and the societal movements attached to its genesis. It then continues to discuss prominent decades and sociocultural shifts that affected the profession, finally considering the potential future of social work in the United States. While not focused specifically on case work, it provides a thorough summary of the history and development of social work, the context in which case work evolved. This article might not be directly useful to cite or quote from in this specific article, since my article is more focused on case work than on social work as a whole. But it provides me with good context as I delve deeper into the nuances of casework as a sector and method of intervention. It also is a brief review and therefore gives me some interesting jumping off points in searching for more specific sources.

Woodside, M. R., & McClam, T. (2016). Generalist case management: A method of human service delivery. Nelson Education.^[8]

Roberts, R. W., & Nee, R. H. (Eds.). (1970). Theories of Social Casework: Papers Written for the Charlotte Towle Memorial Symposium on Comparative Theoretical Approaches to Casework Practice, [Chicago, 1969]. University of Chicago P..^[9]

Frankel, A. J., & Gelman, S. (2004). Case management: An introduction to concepts and skills (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.^[10]

Gordon, H. (1951). Theory and practice of social case work. New York : New York School of Social Work, Columbia University.^[11]

This book is a frequently referenced source in many of the other secondary sources I found while researching. Its contents include the purpose of social work, the development of case work specifically, the processes of intake and evaluation, and various case studies. This source is very thorough, but is also from almost 70 years ago. I find it interesting because it's still heavily cited today despite being somewhat outdated, which indicates to me that very little research has been done on the progression of social case work since the 1950s. I think it could be relevant to discuss the gap in research in the article if I cannot find sources that provide new content past a certain year. It might be a new avenue I can investigate in adding a history and development section to the Caseworker article if there is a gap in current research.

Summarizing and synthesizing

*all edits are in bold for identification purposes

[notes to self are in brackets]

SECTOR

"Social case work"

"Social case work is the method employed by social workers to help individuals find solutions to problems of social adjustment that are difficult for individuals to navigate on their own. It was defined by Mary Richmond in 1922 as "those processes which develop personality through adjustments consciously effected, individual by individual, between men and their social environment."^[12]

Social casework is a primary approach and method of social work, concerned with the adjustment and development of the individual and, in some instances, couples, towards more satisfying human relations. In social case work, the relationship between a caseworker and their client is one of support, focused on "enabling an individual in solving a problem through self-efforts."^[13] The social casework relationship is a dynamic interaction of attitudes and emotions between the social caseworker and the client with the purpose of satisfying the clients psychosocial needs to achieve a better intrapersonal (interactions and transactions) adjustment by the client within the respective environment. Psychosocial assessment is a key tool used in casework; it is the initial assessment of a client's current, relevant past, and possible future modes of adaptation to both stressful situations and normal living situations. Problem solving is the intent behind every social casework process; the caseworker doesn't solve the problem for the client, but helps the person in the situation to be equipped in solving or facing the problem adequately within the individual's weaknesses and strengths to the end of overall development."

[planning on expanding on the "Values" section underneath as well]

History of social casework [new section] *i'm not sure if i should make a new section for this or combine it with the section above and discuss the historical advents of the characteristics described above (for example, when "psychosocial assessment" became a primary tool in case work) because there are different theories that are put into practice within the discipline)

The history of social casework is closely tied to the advent of

"Multicultural prevalence and acceptability *still doing research for this section but I plan on expanding it if I find anything significant

Caseworkers are employed by a large number of organizations in Britain, especially in the voluntary and public sectors. In the United States, most government agencies that provide social services to children in poor or troubled families have a staff of caseworkers, each of whom is assigned a proportion of the cases under review at any given time. In Australia, caseworkers may be assigned to work in child protection, drug and alcohol services or community health organizations. As of 2004, there were approximately 876,000 child welfare caseworkers in the United States. Seventy-two percent are women, and the mean salary for all caseworkers was $64,590."

"Values in social casework [header]

The social casework profession is focused on one primary goal: "to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty."^[15] The Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers provides a code for daily conduct and a set of principles rooted in 6 core values:^[15]

• service
• social justice
• dignity and worth of the person
• importance of human relationships
• integrity
• competence

Service [subhead]

The ethical principle tied to service is "Social workers' primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems."^[15] One of the focuses of social work is to "elevate service to others above self-interest...to help people in need and to address social problems."^[15]

Social Justice [subhead]

The ethical principle tied to service is "Social workers challenge social injustice."^[15] The breadth of work taken on by social caseworkers includes assistance in everything from unemployment to healthcare referrals to food insecurity, and more. Caseworkers' focus on social justice work has remained a crucial aspect of the profession since the Settlement House Movement, during which Hull-House was founded to help "assimilate and ease the transition of immigrants into the labor force...in Chicago."^[14] Today, casework services exist within a variety of infrastructures, including the resettlement casework services provided by the International Rescue Committee, an internationally present, nongovernmental organization that provides resettlement assistance to refugees.

Dignity and worth of the person [subhead]

The ethical principle tied to this value is "Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person."^[15] This value reflects the unique aspect of casework that takes on individualized need, considers each client as capable of self-determination, and encourages its caseworkers to be mindful of individual or cultural differences.^[15]

Importance of human relationships [subhead]

The ethical principle tied to this is "Social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships."^[15] One understanding that social caseworkers rely on heavily is the significance of social support and relationships as a way of promoting and maintaining individual well-being.^[15][16]

Integrity [subhead]

The ethical principle tied to integrity is "Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner."^[15] Confidentiality, honest, and consistency with the code's ethical principles are of the utmost importance in maintaining trust with clients.^[15]

Competence [subhead]

The ethical principle tied to competence is "Social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise."^[15] It is just as critical for social caseworkers to strive to expand their knowledge as it is for caseworkers to refer clients to specialized services when the client's need is out of the scope of their profession. Case management and casework are similar in this manner, as case management focuses primarily on facilitating the client's connection to multiple specialized resources (financial experts, healthcare access, psychological services, etc.) while caseworkers usually work with clients one-on-one on specific issues at a time.^[10][15]

[copied for editing purposes from

]

AREA

"U.S. government support after arrival

As soon as people seeking asylum in the United States are accepted as refugees[,] they are eligible for public assistance programs just like any other person, including cash welfare, food assistance, and health coverage. Although many refugees initially depend on public benefits, most quickly become self-sufficient.( --> Many refugees depend on public benefits, but over time may become self-sufficient. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/ten-facts-about-us-refugee-resettlement) [needs more thorough fact check--> *my plan for this section is primarily to expand it and clarify the rhetoric because it currently makes a lot of generalizations about refugee resettlement and does not include the specifics of how public assistance programs work and what the eligibility restrictions are ! ]

Federal programs

-- there is a federal cash relief program that refugees are only eligible for if they are ineligible for Medicaid

State-specific policies

Availability of public assistance programs can vary depending on which states within the United States refugees are allocated to resettle in. For example, health policies differ from state to state, and as of 2017, only 33 states expanded

In 2015, the world saw the greatest displacement of people since World War II with 65.3 million people having to flee their homes. In fiscal year 2016, the Department of State's Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration under the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act (MRA) requested that $442.7 million be allocated to refugee admission programs that relocate refugees into communities across the country. President Obama made a "Call to Action" for the private sector to make a commitment to help refugees by providing opportunities for jobs and accommodating refugee accessibility needs."

[subheading] List of NGOs that offer supportive services for refugees

[Cross reference this list with already existing wiki pages^[19]]

https://www.acf.hhs.gov/orr/programs

U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants

International Rescue Committee

"

[copied for editing purposes from Asylum in the United States]

Sources & annotation drafts

for Area

1. Donald Kerwin; The Faltering US Refugee Protection System: Legal and Policy Responses to Refugees, Asylum-Seekers, and Others in Need of Protection, Refugee Survey Quarterly, Volume 31, Issue 1, 1 March 2012, Pages 1–33^[2]
2. Agrawal, P., & Venkatesh, A. K. (2016). Refugee resettlement patterns and state-level health care insurance access in the United States. American journal of public health, 106(4), 662-663.^[18]
3. Reilly, J. E. (2016). Temporary Refugees: The Impact of US Policy on Civic Participation and Political Belonging among Liberians in the United States. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 35(3), 94-118.^[20]
4. Elie, J. B. (2008). “Protection is the Art of Possible”: Relations Between UNHCR and the United States in the Early 1980s—The Case of Displaced Salvadorans. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 27(1), 89-103.^[21]
5. About Cash & Medical Assistance. (n.d.). Retrieved March 6, 2018, from https://www.acf.hhs.gov/orr/programs/cma/about^[22]
6. Phillips, J. (2011). "Asylum seekers and refugees: what are the facts?" Parliamentary Library - Parliament of Australia.^[3]

for Sector

1. Woodside, M. R., & McClam, T. (2016). Generalist case management: A method of human service delivery. Nelson Education.^[8]
2. Roberts, R. W., & Nee, R. H. (Eds.). (1970). Theories of Social Casework: Papers Written for the Charlotte Towle Memorial Symposium on Comparative Theoretical Approaches to Casework Practice, [Chicago, 1969]. University of Chicago P..^[9]
3. Frankel, A. J., & Gelman, S. (2004). Case management: An introduction to concepts and skills (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.^[10]
4. Gordon, H. (1951). Theory and practice of social case work. New York : New York School of Social Work, Columbia University.^[11]
5. Miller, H. (1968). Value dilemmas in social casework. Social Work, 13(1), 27-33.^[23]
6. NASW Delegate Assembly (1996). Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. National Association of Social Workers.^[15]
7. Open Collections Program: Immigration to the US, Settlement House Movement. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2018, from http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/settlement.html ^[14]
8. A 50-State Look at Medicaid Expansion. (n.d.) Retrieved March 6, 2018, from http://familiesusa.org/product/50-state-look-medicaid-expansion ^[17]
9. Siedlecki, K. L., Salthouse, T. A., Oishi, S., & Jeswani, S. (2014). The relationship between social support and subjective well-being across age. Social indicators research, 117(2), 561-576.^[16]

References