User:Grasshoppurr/sandbox
Grasshoppurr/sandbox | |
---|---|
In Morro Bay, California, USA | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | |
Phylum: | |
Class: | |
Order: | |
Family: | Rallidae |
Genus: | |
Species: | R. limicola
|
Binomial name | |
Rallus limicola Vieillot , 1819 |
The Virginia rail (Rallus limicola) is a small waterbird, of the family
Description
Adults are mainly brown, darker on the back and crown, with orange-brown legs. To walk through dense vegetation, they have evolved a laterally compressed body and strong forehead feathers adapted to withstand wear from pushing through vegetation. Virginia rails have the highest ratio of leg-muscle to flight-muscle of all birds (25% - 15% of body weight respectively). They have long toes used to walk on floating vegetation. Their tail is short and they have a long slim reddish bill. Their cheeks are grey, with a light stripe over the eye and a whitish throat. Chicks are black. Juveniles are blackish brown on upperparts with rufous on the edge of feathers and brownish bill and legs. Their underparts are dark brown to black, while the face is grayish brown.[3] Both sexes are very similar, with females being slightly smaller. Adults measure 20-27 cm, with a wingspan of 32-38 cm, and usually weigh 65-95 g.
Taxonomy
The Virginia rail is in the genus
- R. l. limicola Vieillot, 1819
- R. l. friedmanni Dickerman, 1966
- R. l. aequatorialis Sharpe, 1894
- R. l. meyerdeschauenseei Fjeldså, 1990
The southern subspecies R. l. aequatorialis is sometimes considered its own species, the Ecuadorian rail (Rallus aequatorialis).
Habitat and Distribution
The Virginia rail lives in freshwater and brackish marshes, sometimes salt marshes in winter. Northern populations migrate to the southern United States and Central America. On the Pacific coast, some are permanent residents. Its breeding habitat is marshes from Nova Scotia to California and North Carolina, also in Central America andSouth America.
Behavior
The Virginia rail can swim and dive using its wings to propel themselves. This behavior is thought to be only to escape potential predators.
Vocalizations
This bird has a number of calls, including a harsh kuk kuk kuk, usually heard at night.
Diet
The Virginia rail probe with its bill in mud or shallow water, also picking up food by sight. It mainly eat insects and other aquatic invertebrates, like beetles, flies, dragonflies, crayfish, snails and earthworms. They can also eat aquatic animals like frogs, fish and some small snakes, as well as seeds.
Reproduction
Courtship starts around may. The male will raise his wings and run back and forth next to the female. Both sexes bow, and the male feeds the female. Virginia rails are
External Links
- ^ "Rallus limicola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013.2. 2012. 2012.
{{cite journal}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Unknown parameter|assessors=
ignored (help) - ^ "Virginia Rail". Audubon. National Audubon Society. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
- ^ "Virginia Rail". All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2 October 2016.