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Greta Bridge

See also: Greta Bridge

Intro

Greta Bridge is a small village on the River Greta in County Durham, England. The bridge (now bypassed by the A66 trunk road) is over the River Greta, just south of its confluence with the River Tees. The meeting of the Greta and Tees – known as the Meeting of the waters – was a source of inspiration for romantic artists and poets during the eighteenth century.

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Governance

See also: Barnard Castle § Governance

Greta Bridge is part of County Durham district and is governed by Durham County Council. It lies in close proximity to North Yorkshire district.

Former

Greta Bridge lies within the historic county...

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Geography

Location

The village lies on the eastern flanks of the North Pennines – about 6 miles (9.7 km) east of the North Pennines area of outstanding natural beauty. The nearest town – Barnard Castle – is the market town for Teesdale.

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Natural England maps

Feature Name Map
[Help 1] 		Latitude
N – S
Bridge Greta Bridge – River Greta.[List 1][List 2]
 [Map 1] 513170
Listed building Greta Bridge village – The Morritt Arms.[List 3] [Map 2] 513286
Listed building Thorpe Grange Farmhouse.[List 4] [Map 3] 512770
Roman fort Greta Bridge Roman fort – Maglona.[List 5] [Map 4] 513170
Roman road Watling Street (North) – The Street. [Map 5] 513170
Roman road The Street
See also: Tutta Beck source confluence. 		[Map 6] 513690
Confluence Tutta Beck > River Greta. [Map 7]
[Help 1] 		513510
Confluence River Greta > River Tees.
Meeting of the waters – Dairy bridge.[List 6] 		[Map 8]
[Help 1] 		514510
AONB Eastern flanks of the North Pennines.[a] [Map 9] 513170

Listed buildings, monuments

Notable listed buildings and scheduled monuments from Historic England include:

Feature Name Grade Listed Points of interest
Bridge Greta Bridge
Listed building and monument. 		Grade II*
Monument 		[List 1]
[List 2] 		River Greta.
Building The Morritt Arms Hotel Grade_II [List 3] 17th century coaching inn.
Building Thorpe Grange Farmhouse Grade_II [List 4] Charles Dickens.[b]
Roman fort Greta Bridge Roman fort – Maglona. Monument [List 5] Watling Street (North).
Park and Garden Rokeby Park. Grade II* [List 7] Mortham Tower
Manor House
 Mortham Tower. Grade I [List 8] Christopher Rokeby
Bridge Dairy Bridge over the River Greta. Grade_II [List 6] Meeting of the waters.

Roman road (Watling street)

See also: Roman roads in Britannia

Greta Bridge is on the route of the trans-Pennine (Stainmore Pass) section of Watling Street (North) Roman road – now largely followed by the A66 trunk road. Archaeological excavations during the 1970's found part of the original road. [c]

Watling Street (North) connected York (Eboracum) with Carlisle (Luguvalium) and Stanwix Roman fort (Petriana) – the largest fort on Hadrian's Wall.

Route from York to Carlisle:

Section Direction From To Modern road
equivalent.
East of Pennines.[d] North York (Eboracum) Scotch Corner A1 road
Trans-Pennine West Scotch Corner Brougham, Penrith. A66 road.
West of Pennines. North Brougham (Brocavum) Carlisle (Luguvalium)
Stanwix fort (Petriana) 		A6 road

Archaeological excavations near Scotch Corner have recently (c.2017) discovered a previously unknown major Roman settlement.[e]

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Roman fort (Maglona)

See also: Roman Britain and Romano-British culture

Overview

An inscription found near the north gate suggests that the castrum (fort) was built during the early third century AD, although it is possible that a fort existed on the site as early as the first century AD.[f] The castrum was built to protect the Watling street crossing of the River Greta from attack by the local Brigantes. River crossings were particularly vulnerable to attack by local tribes.

Many of the legions and auxiliaries who were stationed in North Britain during the Roman occupation originated from Roman Gaul (France) and Hispania (Spain). [g] The name Tutta (from Tutta Beck) may derive from the Gaulish deity Toutatis (or Tūtatus) – god of the tribe.

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Tutta Beck

See also: Vacomagi § Tuesis

Roman altars with inscriptions to Mars Condatis have been found in the Tees and Wear valleys. [h]

The inscription Mars Condatis is a conflation (joining together) of deities:[i]:

  1. Roman god Mars – god of war and father of Romulus, the founder of Rome.
  2. Gaulish deity Condatis – god of river confluences.

The name Tutta may be derive from the Gaulish deity Toutatis (or Tūtatus) – god of the tribe.[j]

The two main source tributaries for Tutta Beck rise near Boldron and Kilmond Scar and meet at its source confluence near the A66 road junction known as Cross Lanes.[Map 6] The burn flows from west to east parallel to Watling Street (A66 road) until its confluence with the River Greta north of Maglona Roman fort. [Map 7] Archaeological excavations in the 1970's found remains of a vicus on the west bank of the beck. [k]

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Local Roman forts

Local Roman forts in the Tees and Wear valleys:

Settlement Roman fort Roman road River name System Listed Map
[Help 1] 		Latitude
N – S
Chester-le-Street Concangis ? Cade's Road River Wear Wear [List 9]
[Note 1] 		[Map 10] 551310
Binchester Vinovia Dere Street River Wear Wear [List 10] [Map 11] 531275
Piercebridge Morbium Dere Street River Tees Tees [List 11] [Map 12] 515780
Bowes Lavatrae Watling Street (North) River Greta Tees [List 12] [Map 13] 513407
Greta Bridge Maglona Watling Street (North) River Greta Tees [List 5] [Map 4] 513170

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Romantic arts and tourism

See also: Romantic art, Romanticism in Scotland, Walter Scott, and Rokeby (poem)

During the eighteenth century Teesdale became a popular destination for artists, poets and writers, who inspired others to follow.

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Mail coach

Prior to the arrival of the railways, Greta Bridge had been an important overnight stop for the London to Carlisle coach. Overnight passengers and visitors would stay at one of the three coaching inns in the village. [l]

  1. The Morritt Arms.[List 3]
  2. The George.
  3. The New Inn (now Thorpe Farm).[List 4]

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Charles Dickens

Rokeby Hall

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ *"Roman treasures found on A1". GOV.UK. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  2. ^ MacKillop 2004, pp. 100.
  3. ^ Oliver 2012, pp. 347.

Web

  1. ^ a b Historic England. "GRETA BRIDGE – Listed building (1160430)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  2. ^ a b Historic England. "Greta Bridge – Scheduled Monument (1002319)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  3. ^ a b c Historic England. "THE MORRITT ARMS HOTEL (1121699)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d Historic England. "THORPE GRANGE FARMHOUSE, A66 (1161229)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Historic England. "Greta Bridge Roman fort, vicus and section of Roman road (1019074)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  6. ^ a b Historic England. "DAIRY BRIDGE OVER THE RIVER GRETA (1160953)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  7. ^ Historic England. "ROKEBY PARK (1000733)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  8. ^ Historic England. "MORTHAM TOWER (1160832)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  9. ^ Historic England. "CHURCH OF ST MARY AND ST CUTHBERT (1120955)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  10. ^ Historic England. "Binchester Roman fort (Vinovia) (1002362)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  11. ^ Historic England. "Piercebridge Roman fort (1002365)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  12. ^ Historic England. "Roman Fort (Lavatrae) (1002316)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  1. ^ *"The 17th Century Days of the Mail Coach". The Morritt Hotel. Retrieved 3 June 2024.

Maps

  1. ^ "Greta Bridge". Natural England.
  2. ^ "Greta Bridge village – The Morritt Arms". Natural England.
  3. ^ "Thorpe Grange Farmhouse". Natural England.
  4. ^ a b "Greta Bridge Roman fort". Natural England.
  5. ^ "Greta Bridge Roman road". Natural England.
  6. ^ a b "The Street – Tutta Beck source confluence". Natural England.
  7. ^ a b "Confluence of Tutta Beck – River Greta". Natural England.
  8. ^ "Confluence of River Greta – River Tees". Natural England.
  9. ^ "Eastern flanks of the North Pennines". Natural England.
  10. ^ "Chester-le-Street Roman fort". Natural England.
  11. ^ "Binchester Roman fort". Natural England.
  12. ^ "Piercebridge Roman fort". Natural England.
  13. ^ "Bowes Roman fort". Natural England.
  1. ^ a b c d MAGiC MaP – Help
    1. Use Table of Contents for Colour mapping.
    2. There may be intermittent problems with the magic.defra.gov.uk website, if so then try again another time.

Notes

  1. ^ The church of St Mary and St Cuthbert is on the site of the Roman Fort. The church is shown on the map as a Grade I listed building – yellow box.
  1. ^ Greta Bridge is about 6 miles (9.7 km) east of the AONB.
  2. ^ Historic England
    ..."house is claimed to be the former George and New Inn, at which Charles Dickens stayed while researching Nicholas Nickleby. [List 4]
  3. ^ Historic England
    ..."Immediately to the north of the fort there are the buried remains of the Roman road and the vicus. These remains were identified and partially excavated in the 1970s in advance of the A66 road re-alignment at Greta Bridge... [List 5]
  4. ^ The route north from York was shared with Dere Street.
  5. ^ Highways England – Roman treasures found on A1
    ..."The excavations have also led to the unearthing of a major Roman settlement at Scotch Corner which pre-dates settlements in York and Carlisle by 10 years. [1]
  6. ^ Historic England
    ..."The exact date for the construction of the fort is uncertain; some evidence suggests it was constructed during the first century AD, but it may be as late as the late second century or the early third century. [List 5]
  7. ^ See also Vacomagi > Legio XX Valeria Victrix
  8. ^ MacKillop – ...Celtic Mythology
    Condatis..."A god worshipped in Roman occupied Britain, much associated with the confluence of rivers ..."His shrines have been found between the Tyne and Tees rivers ..."His name is commemorated in many place names ...[2]
  9. ^ Neil Oliver – Ancient Britain
    ..."Twinning of gods and goddesses was a tactic the Romans employed all across the Empire ...[3]
  10. ^ See also Vacomagi > Tuesis.
  11. ^ Historic England
    ..."Two areas of the vicus were uncovered and partially excavated in the 1970's. The first lies 200m north west of the fort on the west bank of the Tutta Beck. [List 5]
  12. ^ The Morritt Hotel – Days of the Mail Coach
    ..."Through the 17th Century ...Greta Bridge was the second overnight stop for the London-Carlisle mail coach, bringing with it a considerable number of visitors.
    ..."There were three inns at Greta Bridge, including The George, and the New Inn, which is now Thorpe Farm ...[Web 1]

Sources

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External links
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