User:Zcc002/Bordetella
-There are about 16 different species of Bordetella likely descending from ancestors who lived in soil and/or water environments.
-The species B. bronchiseptica (gram-negative, aerobic) however has a broader host range, causing similar symptoms in a wide range of animals, while only occasionally affecting humans. These symptoms often manifest as chronic and asymptomatic respiratory infections. B. bronchiseptica is a small, coccoid coccobacillus shape sized at approximately 0.5 µm. It has peritrichous flagella that enables it to be motile. On a petri dish, colonies of this species appear small, grayish-white, smooth, and shiny. B. bronchiseptica is gram-negative. This species is also typically associated with kennel cough (Canine Respiratory Infectious Disease (CRID)) in dogs.[2][3]
-Bacteria initially adhere to
-Other bacteria recycle this molecule back into the cytoplasm, but in Bordetella and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, it is released into the environment.
-Tracheal cytotoxin itself is able to reproduce paralysis of the ciliary escalator, inhibition of DNA synthesis in epithelial cells and ultimately killing of the same.
-Recently discovered activities of adenylate cyclase toxin, including transmembrane pore formation and stimulation of calcium influx, may also contribute to the intoxication of phagocytes.Cite error: The opening <ref>
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-Binding of this protein to the consensus sequence represents gene expression by reducing transcription.Cite error: The opening <ref>
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-It has
Virulence factors[edit]
The virulence factors identified in the Bordetella are common to all three species. These include
Vaccines[edit]
The Bordetella vaccine is non-essential, but highly recommended for dogs especially if they will be coming in are expected to come into contact with other dogs, such as at dog parks, boarding facilities, dog shows, training classes, etc. (Burke).[6] In fact, it can be required at certain facilities for entry. The vaccine can also be given to cats, but it is less commonly done because infection appears to be uncommon in adult cats. However, it may be a good idea to vaccinate a kitten if it is in a high-risk environment (i.e. living with multiple other cats) (Gardiner).[7]
The Bordetella vaccine specifically targets Bordetella bronchiseptica, the species typically responsible for kennel cough. The vaccine introduces the bacteria (live or killed dead) to the body in order to develop an immunity. It is important to remember that the vaccine only protects against one species of Bordetella. Therefore, it is possible for a pet to become infected with another Bordetella species or contract kennel cough from another source, such as the
There are three 3 licensed ways to deliver the Bordetella vaccine to dogs: orally,
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References
- ^ PMID 33014891.)
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: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link - PMID 32209128.)
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: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link - ISSN 1090-0233.
- PMID 34590541.
- ISSN 2165-0497.
- ^ a b Jul 06, Anna Burke Published:; May 26, 2017 | 4 Minutes Updated:; Jul 06, 2021 Published:; May 26, 2017 | 4 Minutes Updated:; 2021. "5 Facts About the Bordetella Vaccine for Dogs". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
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has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Gardiner, John (2019-03-27). "Vaccination Guidelines for Dogs and Cats". Animal Health Topics / School of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
- ^ "How Bordetella Vaccines Work". HowStuffWorks. 2009-01-23. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
- ^ Larson Laurie J. Bliss E. Thiel Patricia Sharp Ronald D. Schultz, Laurie J.; Thiel, Bliss E.; Sharpe, Patricia; Schultz, Ronald D. (2013). "A Comparative Study of Protective Immunity Provided by Oral, Intranasal and Parenteral Canine Bordetella bronchiseptica Vaccines" (PDF). Jarvm. 11.
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