Vlachs (social class)

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This article is about the medieval Ottoman class. For the 20th-century Ottoman class, see Ullah millet.

Vlachs (

sedentarization of the Orthodox Vlachs and their gradual fusion with Serbian rural population reached a high level and was officially recognized by the Ottoman authorities.[3][4]

Origins

Following the

Sultan's service;[5] all this made possible that the Vlachs would come to form a considerably privileged class within the Millet system in the Ottoman Empire, compared to the class of the Reaya, for more than a century.[8] In medieval Serbia the term Vlachs had more meaning, primarily denote the inhabitants of Aromanian origin and also dependent shepherds in the medieval Serbian state.[9] In addition, with the beginning of Ottoman rule, within this social class also came to be included other Vlach-like (pastoral semi-nomad) populations,[10] such as cattle-breeding Orthodox Serbs;.[4] Serbs in Ottoman Hungary in great numbers served as Martolos, which were Christian origin members largely recruited from the Vlach and Vlach like population.[10]

Service

See also: Martolos

During the early history of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, there was Vlach people members of military class living in Serbia and Macedonia which had the same rights as Muslims. They might have been the descendants of Christians but their origin is not entirely clear.[11]

Due to their experience in carrying goods and the skill and speed with which they crossed the mountain regions; the Turks began to take advantage of it by employing them as auxiliary troops (

Timarli) often brought with them significant quantities of these Vlachs[12] (sometimes Serbs as well),[13] in order that they farmed their lands.[a]

Decline

However, during the course of time, with centralisation and changes to state structure, the economic system and military organisation occurring, many of the services that the Vlachs used to provide for the Ottomans became superfluous. As a result, the 1520s saw the beginning of

those who until then had been their masters, and propitiated the passing of the Vlachs and the Serbs over to the Habsburg side (see Uprising in Banat).[14]

Tax

The Rüsûm-i Eflakiye was a tax on Vlachs in the Ottoman Empire. Vlachs in the Balkans were granted tax concessions under Byzantine and Serb rulers in return for military service; and this continued under Ottoman rule. Instead of some of the customary taxes, they paid a special "Vlach tax", Rüsûm-i Eflakiye: One sheep and one lamb from each household on St. Georges Day each year. Because Vlachs were taxed differently, they were listed differently in defters.[15]

See also

Annotations

  1. Vlach population from the Sandžak of Smederevo into Bosnia, expressly for that very purpose.[16]

References

  1. ISBN 8884924669
  2. ISBN 3643504063
  3. ^ Kursar 2013, p. 115,126.
  4. ^ a b Gavrilović 2003, p. 720.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Dominik Mandić (1980). Hrvati i Srbi: dva stara, razlicita naroda. p. 256.
  6. ^ Vladimir Babić; dr. Vaso Čubrilović; dr. Branislav Đurđević; Nedim Filipović; Ferdo Gastrin; dr. Bogo Grafenauer; dr. Nada Klaić; Ljuben Lape; dr. Arpad Lebl; Mitra Mitrović; Fedor Moačanin; dr. Jorjo Tadić; dr. Fran Zwitter (1959). HISTORIJA NARODA JUGOSLAVIJE, Vol. II. Školska knjiga. p. 517.
  7. ^ a b Kursar 2013, p. 135.
  8. ^ a b Kursar 2013, p. 115.
  9. ^ Srđan Šarkić; ˙(2011) Правни положај странаца у средњовековној Србији (Legal position of foreigners in medieval Serbia) p. 54 ( footnote);[1]
  10. ^ a b c Kursar 2013, p. 134.
  11. ^ Sugar 1996, p. 39.
  12. ISBN 978-86-401-0081-6
    .

    [After the fall of Bihać in 1592 the Bosnian Beylerbey Hasan Pasha Predojević settled Orthodox Vlachs from Eastern Herzegovina, especially those of his own Predojević clan, in the central part of Pounje around Brekovica, Ripač, Ostrovica and Vrla Draga up to Sokolovac.]
  13. ^ Milan Vasić (1995). Bosna i Hercegovina od srednjeg veka do novijeg vremena: međunarodni naučni skup 13-15. decembar 1994. Istorijski institut SANU.
  14. ISBN 953-214-197-9
  15. ISBN 978-0-8147-5561-7
    .
  16. ^ Hamdija Kreševljaković (1914). Odakle su i sta su bili Bosne i Hercegovine Muslimani?. Hrvatska Svijest. p. 10.

Sources

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