W. Horsley Gantt

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W. Horsley Gantt
Born
William Andrew Horsley Gantt

(1892-10-24)October 24, 1892
Wingina, Virginia
DiedFebruary 26, 1980(1980-02-26) (aged 87)
Baltimore, Maryland
NationalityAmerican
EducationUniversity of North Carolina
University of Virginia
Known forClassical conditioning
Psychophysiology
Spouse
Mary Gould Richardson
​
​
(m. 1934⁠–⁠1964)​
ChildrenAndrew and Emily
Awards
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

William Andrew Horsley Gantt (24 October 1892 – 26 February 1980)[1] was an American physiologist and psychiatrist. At the time of his death in 1980, he was one of only two surviving students of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov.[2] He spent fifty-six years of his career extending Pavlov's seminal experimental research on classical conditioning.[1] He is also recognized for his research in psychophysiology.[3]

Early life and education

Gantt was born on October 24, 1892, on the Rock Cliff estate in

M.D. in 1920.[1]

Academic career

In 1922, Gantt began working for the

Petrograd, Russia, where he studied the health effects of famine and war. In October of that year, Gantt was introduced to Ivan Pavlov by Nicholai Zelheim, one of Pavlov's Russian colleagues. Gantt then completed a one-year residency at University College Medical School, where he studied liver pathology with John William McNee. In 1925, he returned to Russia to work with Pavlov in his laboratory in the Institute of Experimental Medicine
.

In 1929, Gantt founded the Pavlovian Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University's Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic,[1][5] where John Dewey played a major role in helping him to get a faculty position.[6] He was director of the Pavlovian Laboratory at Johns Hopkins from 1930 to 1964.[5] In 1948, he and William G. Reese founded the Psychological Research Laboratory at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Perry Point, Maryland.[1]

In 1955, Gantt founded the

Conditional Reflex, in 1965.[7] He insisted on giving the journal this name because the term "conditional" preserves the fact that the reflex, rather than being fixed, is dependent on a stimulus and subject to change.[8] He was the founding editor-in-chief of Conditional Reflex (later renamed the Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science) from 1966 to 1978.[1]

Honors and awards

Gantt was elected a fellow of the

New York Psychiatric Institute and the Purkinje Medical Society Award.[1]

Personal life and death

Gantt married Mary Gould Richardson on June 23, 1934. They remained married until she died of cancer on July 17, 1964. They had a son, Andrew, and a daughter, Emily.[1] Gantt died on February 26, 1980, in Baltimore, Maryland, after a short illness.[2] He is buried at Rock Cliff in Wingina, Virginia, the same property on which he was born. This property met criterion B to be added to the National Register of Historic Places because Gantt was born there, and lived there until 1910; it also met criterion C because it is associated with his medical career.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "W. Horsley Gantt". Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives. Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved 2019-01-04.
  2. ^
    S2CID 9240971
    .
  3. PMID 365120
    .
  4. ^ Maurer, David A. (2015-10-03). "Yesteryears: Rock Cliff estate, Part 2: Hunger, sacrifice and a quest for knowledge". The Daily Progress. Retrieved 2019-01-04.
  5. ^
    S2CID 46635791
    .
  6. PMID 7023305
    .
  7. S2CID 6345375
    .
  8. ISBN 9782881241376
    .
  9. ^ "Historic Fellows". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  10. ^ "Rock Cliff". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2017-08-02. Retrieved 2019-01-04.

Further reading

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