Waccamaw
Regions with significant populations | |
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US ( | |
Religion | |
Indigenous religion | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Winyaw,[2] Catawba[1] |
The Waccamaw people were an
Name
The meaning of the name Waccamaw is unknown.
Language
The Waccamaw language was not recorded and remains
History
Precontact
People in the area have built sedentary villages since at least 3,000 to 500 BP
16th century
According to
One of the Native men kidnapped by the Spanish in 1521,
Swanton believed that Chicora was referring to the peoples who became known as the Waccamaw and the Cape Fear Indians, respectively.[7]
18th century
European contact decimated the Waccamaw. Having no natural
By the early 18th century, the
The English colonists founded a trading post in Euaunee, "the Great Bluff," in 1716. The Waccamaw engaged in a brief war against the South Carolina colony in 1720, and 60 Waccamaw men, women, and children were either killed or captured by the colonists as a result.[9]
In 1755, John Evans noted in his journal that
19th century
The surviving Waccamaw grew
Population
While the Waccamaw were never populous, the arrival of settlers and their diseases in the 16th century resulted in devastating population loss and dispersal. Anthropologist James Mooney estimated the 1600 population of the "Waccamaw, Winyaw, Hook, &c" at 900 people, while the 1715 census records only one remaining Waccamaw village with a total population of 106 people, 36 of them men.[11]
State-recognized tribes
In 1910, the Waccamaw Siouan Indians, one of eight state-recognized groups in North Carolina, organized a council to oversee community issues. A school funded by Columbus County to serve Waccamaw children opened in 1934. At the time, public education was still racially segregated in the state. Before this, the Waccamaw had been required to send their children to schools for African Americans.[12]
North Carolina
In 2005 South Carolina recognized the
Both organizations claim to descend from the historic Waccamaw people.
Unrecognized organization
The Waccamaw Sioux Indian Tribe of Farmers Union is an
See also
Notes
References
- ^ a b c d e f Swanton (156), p. 100
- ^ Swanton 102–103
- ^ a b Lerch 328
- ISBN 9780521298759.
- ^ Proposed Establishment of Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown County, Horry County, and Marion County: Environmental Impact Statement. Vol. 1. United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. April 1997. pp. 92–93.
- Blair Rudes, Coastal Carolina Indians Center, 2004.
- ^ John R. Swanton, "Early History of the Creek Indians and their Neighbors", Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 73 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1922), 32–48
- ^ a b Swanton 101
- ^ Swanton 100–101
- ^ Lerch 330
- ^ Swanton 103
- ^ Learch 331
- ^ "Chapter 71A. Indians". North Carolina General Assembly. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ Learch 330
- ^ See Clarke Beach, "Congress Asked to Recognize Waccamaw Indians in State," Daily Times-News Burlington, N.C., (18 April 1950).
- ^ "Congress Hears of Lost N.C. Tribe," Asheville Citizen, Asheville, N.C. (27 April 1950)
- ^ Ross, American Indians in North Carolina, pp. 137-148
- ^ "Native American Heritage Federal and State Recognized Tribes". State Historical Preservation Office. SC Department of Archives and History. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ "Waccamaw Indian People The". OpenCorporates. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "Waccamaw Indian People". Cause IQ. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ^ "Waccamaw Sioux Indian Tribe of Farmers Union, Inc". OpenCorporates. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- Books
- Lerch, Patricia B. (2004). "Indians of the Carolinas Since 1900". Handbook of North American Indians: Southeast. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 328–336. ISBN 0-16-072300-0.
- Swanton, John Reed (1952). The Indian Tribes of North America. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution (Reprinted by Genealogical Press). ISBN 9780806317304.
External links
- Waccamaw Indians, state-recognized in South Carolina
- Waccamaw Siouan Indians, state-recognized in North Carolina