Walter Hill (garden curator)
Walter Hill | |
---|---|
Born | 31 December 1819 Scotsdyke, Dumfriesshire, Scotland |
Died | 4 February 1904 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
Spouse | Jane Smith (m. 1849) |
Walter Hill (1819–1904) was a Scottish-born Australian botanist and horticulturalist, and first curator of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens at Gardens Point in Brisbane, Australia.[1]
Personal life
Walter Hill was born at
Hill married Jane Smith, the daughter of John Smith and Jane Brunton, on 16th September 1849 at
The family immigrated to Sydney, Australia in 1852 on the Maitland, where Hill initially tried his luck on the goldfields. In 1854, Hill undertook an expedition (as a botanist) to North Queensland in which most of the party were murdered by Aborigines.[5] After this, Walter accepted the position of superintendent of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens.
The death of their only daughter, Ann, in 1871 was tragic for Hill and Jane. She was buried in
Until Hill's retirement in 1881, the family lived in the Curator's Cottage at the
After retiring, Hill established a new home "Canobie Lea" at
He died at his home "Canobie Lea" on 4th February 1904.[8] He is buried in Toowong Cemetery together with his wife Jane (died 1888) in the same grave as their daughter Ann (died 1871).[9]
As his wife and only child pre-deceased him, Hill's niece, Mrs Mary Hamilton (daughter of Hill's brother David Hall) appears to have inherited "Canobie Lea". The Hamiltons restored the house, replacing the shingle roof with a tin roof. Mary died in 1921 and in 1931, the property was sold.[10]
Professional life in horticulture
Early career
Hill started out as an apprentice to his brother, David, then head gardener at
Brisbane Botanic Gardens
Hill was the first Superintendent of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens located at Gardens Point from 1855 to 1881.[12] After his appointment, he made rapid progress in establishing the gardens, which he organised into 34 separate areas, each with a specific purpose. In the spring of 1856, the newspaper Moreton Bay Courier urged the local citizens to come and enjoy the gardens and walkways, giving praise to Hill for achieving so much so quickly.[13]
In late 1859, Hill worked very diligently to prepare the gardens for the arrival of Sir George Bowen, Queensland's first governor, as the gardens had been chosen as the landing stage for the ship which conveyed the governor and his family and also as focus for many of the associated ceremonies and festivities.[14]
In 1861, he worked with the Governor's wife, Lady Diamantina Bowen, to organise Christmas festivities in the gardens, personally decorating the Christmas trees.[15]
Although his interests primarily lay in economic plants, he also took an interest in more decorative plants. In 1857, he exhibited a native water lily at the Australian Horticultural and Agricultural Show held in Sydney.[16]
He introduced the flowering trees, the jacaranda and poinciana, which are still popular garden plants in Queensland. Indeed, it is claimed that all jacaranda trees in Australia are descended from the original jacaranda tree that grew from a seed imported by Hill in 1864. The tree is believed to the subject of the 1903 painting Under the Jacaranda by Richard Godfrey Rivers (Queensland Art Gallery); the tree died in 1980 when it was blown over in a storm.[17][18]
Colonial botanist
When Queensland was separated from New South Wales in 1859, Hill was appointed the first Colonial Botanist of Queensland in 1859, a role he held until his retirement in 1881.
In this role, he conducted a number of expeditions to northern Queensland to collect native plants, including trips to Cape York Peninsula in 1862 and the north-east coast to Mossman and the Daintree River in 1873, climbing Mount Bellenden Ker.
He sent many of the specimens he gathered to herbariums around the world (including the
Hill also had a significant role in
Conversely, he also cultivated an Australian native nut, the
In 1862, Hill was appointed as one of Queensland's Commissioners to arrange for produce and other articles to be exhibited in the Exhibition of Industry as part of the 1862 International Exhibition held in London.[22]
Retirement
Hill frequently clashed with his superiors[23] and, following a disagreement regarding his upkeep of the gardens, Hill was forced to retire in 1881. However, he continued to experiment with fruit trees in his retirement.
Memorials
Hill is memorialised in a number of ways, including the Walter Hill Fountain. The Walter Hill Fountain is located in the Brisbane City Botanic Gardens and was built as a drinking fountain in 1867 when mains water was introduced to Brisbane. In 1972, the fountain was renamed to commemorate Hill's achievements.[24]
Botanical citation information
References
- Hill, Walter — Brisbane City Council Grave Location Search
- ^ Osborne, Peter (November 2008). "The Queensland Acclimatisation Society: challenging the stereotype". Royal Historical Society of Queensland Journal. 20 (8): 349
- ^ "Biography of Walter Hill, Australian National Botanic Gardens". Archived from the original on 20 October 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ "Photo of Walter Hill, Picture Queensland". Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
- ^ Monumental Inscriptions, Toowong Cemetery
- The Moreton Bay Courier. Vol. IX, no. 440. Queensland, Australia. 18 November 1854. p. 2. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Toowong Cemetery". Archived from the original on 14 September 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
- ^ "Brisbane City Botanic Gardens: FAQ". Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Walter Hill, Australian National Botanic Gardens". Archived from the original on 20 October 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ Hill, Walter Archived 1 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine — Brisbane City Council Grave Location Search
- ^ "Hamilton's residence 'Canobie Lea' at Eight Mile Plains, Brisbane, Queensland, ca. 1910". Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
- ^ "Biography of Walter Hill, Australian Dictionary of Biography". Archived from the original on 1 January 2010. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 32. New South Wales, Australia. 23 February 1855. p. 483. Archivedfrom the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
- The Moreton Bay Courier. Vol. XI, no. 539. Queensland, Australia. 23 August 1856. p. 2. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "The Arrival & Reception of His Excellency Sir G.F. Bowen, First Governor of Queensland, Moreton Bay Courier, Tuesday 13 December 1859, page 2". Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
- ^ "Moreton Bay Courier, Saturday 5 January 1861". Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ "Australian Horticultural and Agricultural Show, Moreton Bay Courier, Saturday 7 March 1857". Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ Brisbane Courier Mail, 17 October 2007
- ^ "R. Godfrey Rivers - Queensland Art Gallery". Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
- The Moreton Bay Courier. Vol. XIV, no. 804. Queensland, Australia. 26 November 1859. p. 2. Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ ""Cotton From the Botanic Gardens", Moreton Bay Courier, Thursday 22 December 1859". Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ "Sorghum Saccharatum -- The New Chinese Sugar-Cane, Moreton Bay Courier, Saturday 15 May 1858". Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ "Great Exhibition of 1862, Moreton Bay Courier, Tuesday 16 October 1860". Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ "Moreton Bay Courier, Thursday 15 March 1860". Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ "City Botanic Gardens attractions – Walter Hill Fountain". Brisbane City Council. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ International Plant Names Index. W.Hill.