Westland Wallace
Westland Wallace | |
---|---|
Role | Two-seat general-purpose biplane |
Manufacturer | Westland |
First flight | 31 October 1931 |
Introduction | 1933 |
Retired | 1943 |
Primary user | Royal Air Force |
Produced | 1933-1936 |
Number built | 104 + 68 conversions from Wapitis |
The Westland Wallace was a British two-seat, general-purpose biplane of the
Design and development
In 1931, Westland produced the PV-6, a private-venture development of its successful Wapiti. This updated aircraft embodied a number of improvements including a lengthened fuselage, brakes and wheel spats on the undercarriage and a new engine. By this time both the appearance and performance differed considerably from the standard Wapiti, so the company designated it the "PV6 Wallace." Compared with the earlier Wapiti, the Wallace was 20 inches (0.51 m) longer, incorporated an improved undercarriage and was powered by a 655 hp (488 kW) Bristol Pegasus IV engine. The first batches of MK I Wallaces were conversions of Wapitis, a total of 68 powered by 570 bhp (430 kW) Pegasus IIM3 engines.
Westland designed an improved version, the Mk II which was fitted with a more powerful engine and the then-novel idea of an enclosed canopy over both crew positions. This offered greater comfort for the crew and improved the rear gunner's aim by protecting him from the slipstream. Three Wallace Is (K4346-K4348) were later converted to Mk II standards, including fitting the closed canopy.
Operational history
The original PV-6 prototype,
Most of the Wallaces served with the
The first RAF casualties of WW2 occurred when a Wallace of the RAF Observer School (K6028) crashed at Bennachie, near Aberdeen. Pilot Officer Ellard Alexander Cummings (23) from Ottawa, Canada and Leading Aircraftman Alexander Ronald Renfrew Stewart (24) both lost their lives.[citation needed]
When withdrawn from the general purpose role, many Wallaces were converted into target tugs. A total of 83 Wallaces remained in service at the beginning of the Second World War. The last were withdrawn in 1943.[6]
Variants
- Westland PV-6
- Prototype, later converted to military configuration as a Wallace I.
- Houston-Wallace
- Alternative name for the PV-6 as modified for the Everest expedition.
- Wallace Mk I
- Conversion from Wapiti powered by a 570 hp (430 kW) Bristol Pegasus IIM3 engine, 68 converted.
- Wallace Mk II
- New aircraft with glazed cockpit and powered by a 680 hp (510 kW) Bristol Pegasus IV engine, 104 built.
Operators
Specifications (Westland Wallace II)
Data from The Hamlyn Concise Guide to British Aircraft of World War II[7]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Length: 34 ft 2 in (10.41 m)
- Wingspan: 46 ft 5 in (14.15 m)
- Height: 11 ft 6 in (3.51 m)
- Wing area: 488 sq ft (45.3 m2)
- Empty weight: 3,840 lb (1,742 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 5,750 lb (2,608 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Bristol Pegasus IV9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 680 hp (510 kW)
- Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 158 mph (254 km/h, 137 kn) at 15,000 ft (4,572 m)
- Cruise speed: 135 mph (217 km/h, 117 kn)
- Range: 470 mi (760 km, 410 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 24,100 ft (7,300 m)
Armament
- Guns: 2 x 0.303 inch (7.7 mm) machineguns
- Bombs: total of 580 pounds (260 kg) of bombs
See also
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- Hawker Hardy
- Vickers Vincent
- Westland Wapiti
Related lists
References
- Notes
- Bibliography
- James, Derek N. Westland Aircraft since 1915. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1991. ISBN 0-85177-847-X.
- James, Derek. "To The Top of the World". Aeroplane. Vol. 36, No. 4, Issue No 420, April 2008, pp. 20–25.
- Mondey, David. The Hamlyn Concise Guide to British Aircraft of World War II. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-85152-668-4.
- Philpott, Ian M. (2008). The Royal Air Force: An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years. Rearmament 1930-1939. Vol. II. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Aviation. ISBN 978-1-84415-391-6.
- Thetford, O. Aircraft of the Royal Air Force 1918-57. London: Putnam, 1957.