William Fermor
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William Fermor | |
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Other name(s) | Wilhelm von Fermor |
Born | Pskov | September 28, 1702
Died | February 8, 1771 Nītaure | (aged 68)
Allegiance | Russian Empire |
Service/ | Imperial Russian Army |
Rank | General-in-chief |
Battles/wars | |
Awards | |
Relations | Counts Fermor |
Seven Years’ War
. His name is sometimes styled Wilhelm Graf von Fermor.
Early life
Fermor was born in 1702 in
Germans in the service of Russia, something which caused resentment among Russian-speaking officers.[1] He was a protégé of Burkhard Christoph von Münnich
.
Seven Years’ War
In 1757 Fermor led a Russian force that captured Memel in East Prussia[2] and was present at the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf.
In 1758 he was appointed to command the Russian forces which had invaded
Empress Elizabeth. Fermor reversed the previous commander’s policies towards the civilian population of occupied East Prussia, denouncing the previous hard-line stance, and even having proclamations read apologising for it.[3]
On 25 August 1758 he led his army against Frederick the Great at the Battle of Zorndorf. The battle cost both sides heavy casualties. Afterwards, Fermor withdrew his forces eastwards. He was later relieved of his command and served as a subordinate to Pyotr Saltykov during 1759.
In 1760 he was in overall command of Russian forces during the Raid on Berlin, which saw them and their Austrian allies briefly occupy the Prussian capital before withdrawing.
Later life
Following the coup that brought
Catherine II to the throne he was made Governor of Smolensk
. He died in 1771.
References
Bibliography
- Millar, Simon & Hook, Adam. Zorndorf 1758: Frederick Faces Holy Mother Russia. Osprey, 2003.
- Szabo, Franz A.J. The Seven Years War in Europe, 1756-1763. Pearson, 2008.