X Corps (United States)
X Corps | |
---|---|
Active | 1921–68 |
Country | United States |
Branch | United States Army |
Colors | Blue and white |
Engagements | World War II Korean War |
Commanders | |
Notable commanders | Edward M. "Ned" Almond Reuben Ellis Jenkins |
U.S. Corps (1939–present) | ||||
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X Corps was a corps of the United States Army in World War II and the Korean War.
World War II
The X Corps was activated in May 1942 at Sherman, Texas. Elements of the corps embarked aboard Klipfontein, a Dutch ship operating under charter through the War Shipping Administration for the Army.[1] The ship departed the San Francisco Port of Embarkation for the Pacific Theater 14 July 1944 after two changes of station and participation in maneuvers in Louisiana and at the California-Arizona maneuver area.[2]
X Corps took part in the following campaigns:
As part of the
X Corps became inactive in 1946.
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Korean War
Inchon landing
During the
The Marines first captured an island offshore of Inchon as a prelude to the assault and at the next tide, the main attack went in. Despite the noise of the attack on the offshore island, it completely surprised the North Korean Korean People's Army (KPA) forces. The Marines then moved on to the capital city of Seoul; in heavy fighting they eventually drove out the KPA defenders. The US Army's 7th Infantry Division, which had landed later at Inchon, engaged the enemy on the outskirts of Seoul, destroying an armored regiment.
Operations in northeast Korea (October–December 1950)
After the landing at Inchon, X Corps attacked up the Korean peninsula on the left flank of
After an administrative landing at Wonsan on 26 October, X Corps, now including the US
It is widely contended that X Corps remained outside of the direct command of Eighth Army too long. X Corps reported directly to the MacArthur had been necessary for the Inchon landings and still defensible for the Wonsan attack. However, after it entered the main line, conventional military doctrine indicated that it should have been placed immediately under the command of Eighth Army. General MacArthur was accused of favoritism towards Almond, the controversial commander of X Corps, who was dual-hatted as the commander of X Corps and MacArthur's chief of staff and his personal friend.
Operations on the eastern front
After the withdrawal from the northeast coast, and once its units had been reconstituted, X Corps went into the line in eastern Korea, and remained there for the rest of the war.
Post-Korean War
In the years following the Korean War, X Corps served as a regional headquarters, having administrative, logistical, and training responsibility for both active and
X Corps was inactivated on 31 March 1968, as part of the compromise between
In popular culture
The US Army Tenth Corps is the name of the main field force featured in Harold Coyle's 1993 techno-thriller "The Ten Thousand". In the novel its ground combat elements are the 55th Mechanized Infantry Division, the 4th Armored Division and the 14th Armored Cavalry Regiment.[a][5]
Commanders
- Major General Courtney Hodges; May 1942 to February 1943
- Major General Jonathan W. Anderson; March 1943 to July 1944
- Major General Franklin C. Sibert; August 1944 to 31 January 1946 (X Corps inactivated.)
- Lieutenant General Edward Almond; 26 August 1950 to 15 July 1951
- Major General Clovis E. Byers; 15 July 1951 to 5 December 1951
- Lieutenant General Williston B. Palmer; 5 December 1951 to 15 August 1952
- Lieutenant General Isaac D. White; 7 November 1952 to 27 April 1955 (X Corps inactivated.)
Notable former members
- William E. Butterworth III, served with headquarters as an information officer based in Kwandae-ri.
References
- ^ When Harold Coyle wrote "The Ten Thousand" the 14th ACR was an inactive unit of the United States army, seven years after the novel came out the unit identity was reactivated.
- ^ Maritime Administration. "KLIPFONTEIN". Ship History Database Vessel Status Card. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration.
- ^ Office of the Chief of Military History (1959), Order of Battle of the United States Army Ground Forces in World War II—Pacific Theater of Operations, Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army, p. 342
- ^ James T. Currie and Richard B. Crossland, Twice The Citizen: A History of the United States Army Reserve, 1908–1995 (2nd revised & expanded edition), Washington, DC: Office of the Chief, Army Reserve (1997), pp. 174–177.
- SSG Don Vallee, et al., Fort Lawton, WA: 124th US Army Reserve Command's Strength Management Division (1988), at 7
- ISBN 0-671-85292-2.