Yaropolk Iziaslavich
Yaropolk | |
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Volodimerovichi | |
Father | Iziaslav I of Kiev |
Mother | Gertrude of Poland |
Saint Yaropolk Iziaslavich | |
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Prince of Volodymyr | |
Died | November 22, 1087 c.Zvenyhorod |
Venerated in | three-bar cross in his right hand |
Yaropolk Iziaslavich
After his father's death Yaropolk was appointed
Family background
Yaropolk was the son of
Despite some initial success, the
In 1042 Grand Prince Yaroslav forced Duke
Political turmoil
In 1054, Yaropolk became the son of the Grand Prince, as in that year Iziaslav ascended the throne of Kiev.[7] Iziaslav's rule and thus Yaropolk's security were however quickly challenged by Iziaslav's brother Svyatoslav and by his cousin Vseslav Briacheslavich. At this time among the Volodimerovichi, there were two senior branches that could claim the Grand Princeship through descent from Vladimir the Great; namely, the descendants of Yaroslav Vladimirovich and the descendants of Iziaslav Vladimirovich.[7]
In 1067, Vseslav rebelled in an attempt to overthrow Iziaslav and become Grand Prince himself, claiming the right as a great-grandson of Vladimir the Great through Iziaslav Vladimirovich. Vseslav's attempt was unsuccessful, and ended in his imprisonment. Troubles for Iziaslav were to continue though. In 1068, Iziaslav's alleged negligence to the advances and incursions of the
Svyatoslav and exile to the west
Despite the successful exclusion of the Polotskian Volodimerovichi in 1073 Iziaslav was expelled from the Kievan throne by his brothers,
Iziaslav sent Yaropolk to Rome to request aid from Pope Gregory VII.[9] It is likely that while there Yaropolk made complaints about Bolesław and about the money the latter had formerly seized from Iziaslav, as the pope subsequently issued a request that Bolesław return it.[9] Pope Gregory addressed a letter to Iziaslav, called "Demetrius", "King of the Russians", and to his "queen" Gertruda.[10] The letter noted that Yaropolk, called "Peter", had given his own as well as his father's fidelity to the pope, and that it had been requested that the "kingdom of the Ruthenians" be held of St Peter.[11] Two papal legates were sent to Iziaslav, and Iziaslav was urged to give them his full co-operation.[11]
It was only after Svyatoslav's death in late 1076 that Iziaslav was able to recover the status of Grand Prince. Vsevolod, who had previously fought against him, was appointed Prince of Chernigov and thus heir to the Kievan throne, explaining perhaps Vsevolod's lack of opposition.[7] The Poles were persuaded by the papacy to give Iziaslav assistance recovering his kingdom, and on July 15, 1077, Iziaslav re-entered Kiev.[11]
Prince Yaropolk
Yaropolk is found aiding his father and his uncle Vsevolod in 1078, when Oleg Svyatoslavich (and his brother Boris) attempted to gain the throne of Chernigov from Vsevolod. Oleg had been allied to the Polovtsy, and with their help defeated Vsevolod in battle. Grand Prince Iziaslav and Yaropolk, as well as Vsevolod's son Vladimir Monomakh, were able to reverse this result, and Oleg was forced to retreat to Tmutorokan. Grand Prince Iziaslav, Yaropolk's father, died as a result of the battle.[7]
The Primary Chronicle records that in 1078 before the death of Iziaslav, Yaropolk was "ruling in
Little is known for the following eight years, but by 1085 Vsevolod and Yaropolk are reported to have become entrenched against each other. The laconic account of these developments in the Primary Chronicle makes the course of events far from transparent. Vasilko and Vladimir Rostislavich, two
Following this, a gift made by the Grand Prince to Davyd Igorevich, which included land in Volhynia and control of trade with the
Death and legacy
In the following year Yaropolk returned and reportedly came to an agreement with Vladimir Monomakh, but nothing specific is known of the terms other than Yaropolk being reinstated. In 1087, Yaropolk was murdered. The circumstances of his murder are not clear, but the Primary Chronicle suggested the complicity of Rurik Rostislavich, Prince of Peremyshl, and his brother Vasilko Rostislavich, Prince of Terebovl.[19] His murderer was a man called Neradets, who put a sword through Yaropolk before fleeing to hide with Rurik in Peremyshl; the date given is November 22, 1087.[20] His body was taken to Kiev and buried in the church of St Peter, the church which Yaropolk himself had endowed.[20]
Yaropolk is said to have married to the German noble-woman, Kunigunde, daughter of
Embedded in the Primary Chronicle is a eulogy to Prince Yaropolk, and among the honors assigned to him, is that he was in the habit of assigning a "tenth part of his wealth to the Mother of God".
Ancestry
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Family
- Wife – Kunigunde, daughter of Otto I
- Anastasia (daughter), married Gleb Vseslavich (Prince of Minsk)
- Volodar
- Rostislav
- Mechtild (daughter), married Günther I (House of Schwarzburg)
- Sizzo III
- Yaroslav (son) (?–1102)
- Viacheslav (son) (?–1104)
- Vasilko (son).
Notes
- ^ according to Annalista Saxo
- ^ LOC transliteration: Iaropolk Iziaslavich.
- ^ "Entry Display Web Page".
- ^ Curtin 1908, p. 31.
- ^ a b c d e f Martin 1995, p. 45.
- ^ Миниатюры "Кодекса Гертруды". Апостол Петр с припадающей семьей князя Ярополка, retrieved February 26, 2008
- ^ a b c d e Martin 1995, p. 29.
- ^ Dmytryshyn, Medieval Russia, p. 54.
- ^ a b c Cowdrey, Pope Gregory VII, p. 452.
- ^ Cowdrey, Pope Gregory VII, p. 452; see also, Bartlett, Making of Europe, p. 248.
- ^ a b c Cowdrey, Pope Gregory VII, p. 453.
- ^ Dmytryshyn, Medieval Russia, pp. 56, 59; Laurentian Primary Chronicle, s.a. 6586 (1078).
- ^ Laurentian Primary Chronicle, s.a. 6586 (1078).
- ^ (Franklin & Shepard1996, p. 263); Laurentian Primary Chronicle, s.a. 6592–3 (1084–5).
- ^ Franklin & Shepard 1996, p. 263; Laurentian Primary Chronicle, s.a. 6593 (1085).
- ^ Franklin & Shepard 1996, p. 263.
- ^ Curtin 1908, p. 31; Laurentian Primary Chronicle, s.a. 6593 (1085).
- ^ Владимир Мономах и его время, retrieved February 26, 2008
- ^ Franklin & Shepard 1996, p. 263, n. 52.
- ^ a b Curtin 1908, p. 31; Franklin & Shepard 1996, p. 231 for reaffirmation of date 1087; Laurentian Primary Chronicle, s.a. 6593 (1085).
- ^ Franklin & Shepard 1996, p. 231 (includes quote).
- ^ Franklin & Shepard 1996, pp. 279, 304; Cowdrey, Pope Gregory VII, p. 453.
- ^ Franklin & Shepard 1996, p. 306.
- ^ Holy Trinity Orthodox Church, Patriarchate of Moscow, Calendar of Saints, Yaropolk, retrieved February 27, 2008; saint.ru, retrieved February 27, 2008
References
- ISBN 978-0140154092
- ISBN 0-19-820646-1
- Curtin, Jeremiah (1908), "Chapter 1: Early History of Russia", The Mongols in Russia, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, p. 31, ISBN 978-1-4400-4917-0, retrieved January 22, 2011
- Dmytryshyn, Basil, ed. (1991), Medieval Russia: A Source Book, 850–1700 (3rd ed.), Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, ISBN 0-03-033422-5
- Franklin, Simon; Shepard, Jonathan (1996), The Emergence of Rus, 750–1200, Longman History of Russia, London & New York: Longman, ISBN 0-582-49091-X
- Martin, Janet (1995), Medieval Russia, 970–1584, Cambridge Medieval Textbooks, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-36832-4
External links
- Holy Nobleborn Prince Yaropolk Izyaslavich
- Entry in saint.ru
- (English) Yaropolk Iziaslavych at Encyclopedia of Ukraine