Vladimir II Monomakh

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Vladimir II Monomakh
Eastern Orthodox

Vladimir II Monomakh (

Family background

In 1046, to seal an armistice in the

Vsevolod Yaroslavich, the fifth son of the grand prince of Kiev,

Yaroslav I the Wise

(r. 1019–1054), himself ruled as grand prince of Kiev from 1078 to 1093.

Reign

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In his famous Instruction (also known as The Testament) to his own children, Monomakh mentions that he conducted 83 military campaigns and 19 times made peace with the

and Oleg made peace with the Polovtsi to retake that city from him, they parted company. Since that time, Vladimir and Oleg were bitter enemies who would often engage in internecine wars. The enmity continued among their children and more distant posterity.

In 1068 he allied with the Cuman chief Bilge-Tegin.^[6] From 1094, his chief patrimony was the southern town of

in 1103.

In 1107 he defeated

.

In 1111, Vladimir, alongside Sviatopolk II, led an army at the Battle of the Salnytsia River [uk], where they defeated a Cuman army on the Salnytsia [ru] river. The site of this battle is probably at modern-day Izium.^[7]

When

, which was torn apart 10 years after his death.

Vladimir Monomakh was buried at

.

Marriages and children

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Vladimir married three times. The 13th-century chronicler

Edith Swannesha

. This marriage is not reported by any contemporary sources, and none of the Russian sources report the name or parentage of Vladimir's first wife. The "Testament of Vladimir Monomakh" records the death of the mother of Vladimir's son Yuri on 7 May 1107, but it does not mention her name. Most historians agree it was more likely Yuri's mother was Gytha, based upon Yuri's acceptable marriage age in 1108.

They had at least the following children:

• Mstislav I of Kiev (1 June 1076 – 14 April 1132)
• Izyaslav Vladimirovich, Prince of Kursk (c. 1077 – 6 September 1096)
• Svyatoslav Vladimirovich,
  Pereyaslav
  (c. 1080 – 16 March 1114)
• Yaropolk II of Kiev (1082 – 18 February 1139)
• Viacheslav I of Kiev (1083 – 2 February 1154)

A daughter has been attributed to either the first or the second wife:

• Romanos IV and who rose to the rank of khan of the Cumans in Ossetia
  .

Vladimir's second wife, Euphemia, is considered to have been a Byzantine noblewoman.^[4] This marriage produced at least five children:

• Volhynia
  (d. 6 January 1119)
• Coloman of Hungary
  .
• Agafia (Agatha). Married Vsevolod Davidovich, Prince of
  Volhynia (d. 1113), but this theory was rejected.^[8]
• Yuri
  (George), later known as Yuri Dolgoruki (d. 15 May 1157).
• Volhynia
  (11 July 1102 – 1141).

Vladimir's third marriage is thought to have been to a daughter of Aepa Ocenevich, Khan of the

Turkic

origin.

However the Primary Chronicle identifies Aepa as father-in-law to Yuri Dolgoruki, with Vladimir negotiating the marriage in name of his son.^[citation needed] Whether father and son married sisters or the identity of intended groom was misidentified remains unclear.

See also

• Council of Liubech

Notes

References

Sources

• Dimnik, Martin (2016). Power Politics in Kievan Rus': Vladimir Monomakh and His Dynasty, 1054–1246. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
  ISBN 978-0-88844-202-4
  .
• Kazhdan, Alexander (1989). "Rus'-Byzantine Princely Marriages in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 12/13. Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute: 414–429.
• ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6

Further reading

• Nenarokova, Maria (2008). "Vladimir Monomakh's Instruction: An Old Russian Pedagogic Treatise". In Juanita, Feros Ruys (ed.). What Nature Does Not Teach: Didactic Literature in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods. Turnhout, Brepols. pp. 109–128.

External links

• Arkadii Zhukovsky, Volodymyr Monomakh in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5 (1993)
• English biography
• Karamzin's account of Monomakh
• Instruction of Vladimir Monomakh
• The Pouchenie of Vladimir Monomakh www.dur.ac.uk
• (Russian) The Pouchenie of Vladimir Monomakh monomah.vladimir.ru
• Ross, Kelley L. (2012) [1990]. "Successors of Rome: Russia, 862-Present". Friesian School, Fourth Series.

Vladimir II Monomakh Rurik Born: 1053 Died: 1125
Regnal titles
Preceded by Sviatopolk II	Grand Prince of Kiev 1113–1125	Succeeded by Mstislav I