Zenel Bastari

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Zenel Bastari or Zenel Hyka (c. 1767 – c. 1837) was an

bourgeois critical-realism,[2] he is also considered one of the first anti-feudal writers in Albania.[3][4]

Life

Zenel was born in

Fushe-Kruje who died in 1831.[5]

Work

Studies on his work

As no original written collection has survived all the poems have reached today as oral tradition or scattered in pieces in mosques and

Haxhi Dede Reshat Bardhi.[5]

Bastari wrote ghazals, qasidas, and odes. He used many Oriental words like all the Albanian writers of that era, but applied carefully all poetical rules of that time, and enriched the language with "mystical" terminology thus differing from the everyday language.[5]

Social context

As a precursor of the Albanian

Rilindja literature, Bastari's work is also specifically important because it went past the usual mystical-philosophical and religious context of the Oriental-style poetry of the time. It brought strong social notes which cannot be found to this extent in other works of contemporary poets.[5]

Bastari showed criticism, rage, and contempt towards the religious administration, feudal rules, landowners, hodjas,

kadis) for their corruption, abuse of power, and their indifference and maltreatment on the masses. Bastari lived in Tirana in a period of violent social injustices, which were quite common in the Ottoman Empire of that time and especially in Ottoman Albania. Worried about the fate of simple people, and educated with the notion of justice, he couldn't help but to raise his voice against those negative social phenomena and all those whom he considered responsible.[5]

In many of his poems, it is noted that he used pejorative and critical tones. He found inspiration in the honest events and personages, both historical or national, local

Ali Pasha Tepelena as a Bektashi,[8] murdered by orders of Kapllan Pasha Toptani - nothing more than a local expression of the Ottoman rule arrogance. This affiliation gives his work a soundful social content, as a reflection of the transitional period of a society in strong moral crisis, where decent castes find themselves insecure and threatened.[5]

Legacy

A street in Tirana is named after him.

See also

Bibliography

  • Zenel Bastari dhe vepra e tij (Zenel Bastari and his work), Ibrahim Hasanaj ed., Tirana: Argeta LMG, 2003.

References

  1. ISBN 9782876611627
  2. OCLC 485921471
  3. OCLC 13308908{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link
    )
  4. OCLC 164812943
  5. ^
    ISSN 2312-9077
  6. ISBN 9783878281061
  7. OCLC 444522596
  8. ISBN 9781441645005
    , Around that time, Ali was converted to Bektashism by Baba Shemin of Kruja...
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