Mihal Grameno
Mihal Grameno | |
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Hero of the People | |
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Mihal Grameno (13 January 1871 – 5 February 1931) was an
Biography
Mihal Grameno was born in Korçë[1] to an Orthodox merchant family. He studied at the local secondary school before emigrating to Romania in 1885. It was in Bucharest where he got involved in the Albanian National Awakening where the movement soon collapsed due to financial reasons in the extended family who were dependent on money.
In 1907, he joined the newly formed
Ottoman officials sent out military patrols to capture the bandits. The activity of the band consisted of only one battle in two years, when the 5 people band was surrounded by 150 Ottoman units in Mashkullore. Four out of five escaped the encirclement by defeating Ottoman troops. Other bands of this nature, not having a journalist in their company, such as Grameno have remained unsung heroes.[citation needed]
During the
In 1909 Grameno founded in Korçë the Orthodox League (or Alliance) (
During the upheavals of 1911, Grameno traveled as a go between for Albanian revolutionaries in Albanian inhabited lands and leaders of the Albanian national movement in Istanbul to coordinate armed activities against the Ottoman Empire and secure a separation of Albanian lands from the Ottoman state.[7]
Mihal Grameno was one of the four initial appointed delegates from
After independence, Grameno served as the editor of the weekly Koha (Time), initially published in Korçë and later in
In the 1920s he carried out his journalistic and literary activities until he retired from public life due to ill health. Resigned and seriously ill, he died on 5 February 1931 in Korçë.
Works
Mihal Grameno's published works include:[11]
- Vdekja (The Death), a patriotic poem published in 1903;
- Mallkimi i gjuhës shqipe (The curse upon the Albanian language), a comedy published in Bucharest, 1905;
- Vdekja e Piros (The Death of Pyrrhus), a historical tragedy published in Sofia, 1906;
- Oxhaku (The Hearth), E puthura (The Kiss), and Varr' i pagëzimit (The Tomb of the Baptism), Korçë, 1909, short stories;
- Plagët (The wounds), Manastir, 1912, a volume of poetry;
- Kryengritja shqiptare, Korçë, 1925 (The Albanian Uprising), memoirs of his experiences as a guerrilla fighter against the Turkish and Greek troops.
References
- ^ Blumi 2011, p. 21.
- ^ Skendi 1967, pp. 207, 210–211, 421.
- ^ Skendi 1967, p. 341.
- ISBN 9780230119086.
- ^ Blumi 2001, pp. 19.
- ^ Skendi 1967, p. 407.
- ^ Skendi 1967, p. 401.
- ^ a b Meksi, Aleksandër (18 October 2012). "Kuvendi i Vlorës, pjesëmarrësit dhe firmëtarët e Aktit të Pavarësisë". Hylli i Dritës (3). Botime Franceskane.
25) Qeveritarët turk të Korçës nuk i dorëzonin Parisë së qytetit telegramet që vinin nga Vlora dhe as dërgonin atje telegramet që Paria i dërgonte organizatorëve të Kuvendit. Ata u njoftuan me tepër vonesë që Kuvendi po zhvillonte punimet dhe se u shpall Pavarësia. Në fakt delegatët e caktuar ishin Mihal Grameno, Menduh Zavalani, Stavro Karoli dhe Estref Verlemi. Falënderojmë Niko Kotheren për këtë informacion që ne e gjykojmë me mjaft vlerë.
- ^ Meksi, Aleksandër (2 December 2016). "Kuvendi i Vlorës, pjesëmarrësit dhe firmëtarët e Aktit të Pavarësisë, studim nga Aleksandër Meksi" (in Albanian). Radi and Radi. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
Në fakt delegatët e caktuar ishin Mihal Grameno, Menduh Zavalani, Stavro Karoli dhe Estref Verlemi.(The appointed delegates were, in fact Mihal Grameno, Menduh Zavalani, Stavro Karoli and Estref Verlemi.)
- ^ Zavalani, Mikel (1983). "Menduh (Dume) Zavalani (1889-1914)". Studime Historike 2 (in Albanian). 2: 190. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
Në fakt ata mbrritën në Vlorë pesë ditë pas ngritjes së flamurit.
- ^ Hoerder & Harzig 1987, pp. 474.
Sources
- Lloshi, Xhevat (2008). Rreth Alfabetit te Shqipes [Around the Albanian Alphabet]. Logos. ISBN 9789989582684.
- Skendi, Stavro (1967). The Albanian national awakening. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400847761.
- Blumi, Isa (2001). "Teaching Loyalty in the Late Ottoman Balkans: Educational Reform in the Vilayets of Manastir and Yanya, 1878–1912". S2CID 144645763.
- Hoerder, Dirk; Harzig, Christiane (1987). The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s–1970s: An Annotated Bibliography: Volume 2: Migrants from Eastern and Southeastern Europe 031326077X. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9780313260773. Retrieved 3 June 2010.