Zhang Jihui
Zhang Jihui | |
---|---|
Native name | 张积慧 |
Born | Rongcheng, Shandong, China | 10 February 1927
Died | 26 April 2023 | (aged 96)
Allegiance | China |
Service/ | |
Years of service | 1945–1978 |
Commands held |
|
Battles/wars | Korean War |
Awards |
|
Zhang Jihui (
Early life and military career
Zhang Jihui was born at Rongcheng, Shandong in January 1927.[1] He was born into a poor peasant family of seven that lived off 2 km2 (490 acres) of land. His father, Zhang Benzhou, was a farmer and a member of the Chinese Communist Party. Zhang entered elementary school at the age of 10, and he became a school teacher after finishing elementary school at Ningjin County in 1943.[1]
Zhang soon abandoned his job in order to pursue higher education. While studying at university in 1945, he joined the Chinese Communist Eighth Route Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.[1] After the Japanese surrendered, his unit was moved into Manchuria, where the Chinese Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA) had set up its first pilot school.[2][3] Zhang was sent to study at the school and graduated in 1948. He was among the first group of pilots trained for the fledgling People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).[2] In 1950, Zhang became a group leader at the 4th Aviation Division.[2][4]
Combat in Korea
When the PLAAF officially entered the air war over Korea in September 1951, Zhang's 4th Aviation Division was the first PLAAF unit sent into combat, and it was under the command of the Soviet
Death of Major Davis
On 10 February 1952, US F-86 Sabre
The publicity of Davis' death soon caught the Chinese attention.
Although Zhang was credited by the PLAAF with shooting down Davis' F-86, doubts about the claim were raised due to US Air Force's recollection of the event was inconsistent with Zhang's own account of the battle,[13] and that Davis had claimed to have shot down two Chinese MiGs moments before being killed.[14] The lack of gun camera footage from the Chinese side meant Zhang's victory claim also hinged on his own recollection of the event.[10] After declassifying their involvement in the Korean War 40 years later, Russian sources disputed Zhang's claim by raising the possibility that 1st Lieutenant Mikhail Akimovich Averin was the MiG pilot that had shot down Davis' plane.[11] According to the recollections from the pilots of the Soviet 64th Aviation Corps, both Zhang and his wingman were probably shot down by Davis, who was in turn surprised and shot down by Mikhail A. Averin scrambling to save the Chinese MiGs.[15] Lieutenant General Georgy Lobov, commander of the 64th Aviation Corps, also noted in his memoir that Davis was killed by a Soviet pilot.[12] Currently, both China and Russia have taken credit for Davis' death with no conclusive evidence to confirm either side of the story.[15][16][13]
Regardless of the controversy surrounding Davis' death, Zhang became a household name in China.
According to official records, Zhang had participated in 10 aerial engagements with a total of four victories during his service in Korea, and for his service, Zhang received the Meritorious Service, Special Class.[1] The North Korean government also awarded Zhang the Freedom and Independence Medal, 2nd Class.[2]
Later life and death
Immediately after the war, Zhang was sent to study at the Red Banner Air Force Academy in the Soviet Union and returned to China in 1957 after graduation. He steadily climbed the ranks by assuming the command of the 27th Aviation Division in 1964 and later took command of the 1st Aviation Corps in 1970. In 1973, he was named the Deputy Commander of the PLAAF.[1][18]
In July 1978, Zhang was stripped of his ranks and imprisoned, but after his release in 1980, he became the Deputy Mayor of
Zhang died on 26 April 2023, at the age of 96.[19]
Claims
Number | Date | Type | note |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 1951.10.16 | F-86 | |
3 | 1952.2.10 | F-86 two aircraft | common achievement |
4 | unknown | F-86 | |
5 | 1953.5.26[20] | F-86 | common achievement |
Notes
- ^ Rongcheng, China: Rongcheng People's Government, archived from the originalon April 7, 2014, retrieved Aug 9, 2012.
- ^ Xinhua, archived from the originalon May 17, 2011, retrieved July 12, 2010.
- ^ Zhang 2004, p. 25.
- ^ Zhang 2004, p. 163.
- ^ Zhang 2004, pp. 145–146.
- ^ Zhang 2004, p. 146.
- ^ Zhang 2004, p. 164.
- ^ Werrell 2005, p. 156.
- ^ Werrell 2005, p. 157.
- ^ a b c d e f Zhang 2004, p. 166.
- ^ a b c d e Zhang 2004, p. 167.
- ^ a b United States-Russia Joint Commission on POWs and MIAs 1996, p. 38.
- ^ a b Werrell 2005, p. 158.
- ^ Zhang 2004, pp. 164–165, 168.
- ^ a b Zhang 2004, p. 168.
- ^ United States-Russia Joint Commission on POWs and MIAs 1996, p. 39.
- ^ Wei & Liu 2001, p. 184.
- ^ Appendix A, Air Force Leaders 1949-1990, Alexandria, VA: GlobalSecurity.org, April 27, 2005, retrieved July 13, 2010
- ^ "痛悼!张积慧逝世". Sohu. 28 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ "如何击落美军王牌?_澎湃号·政务_澎湃新闻-The Paper". www.thepaper.cn. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
References
- United States-Russia Joint Commission on POWs and MIAs (1996), Comprehensive Report of the U.S. Side of the U.S. - Russia Joint Commission on POW/MIAS, Korean War Working Group, June 17, 1996 (PDF), Washington D.C.: US Department of Defense, archived from the original (PDF) on November 27, 2011, retrieved July 13, 2010
- Wei, C. X. George; Liu, Xiaoyuan (2001), Chinese Nationalism in Perspective: Historical and Recent Cases, Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-31511-6
- Werrell, Kenneth P. (2005), Sabres over MiG Alley, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institution Press, ISBN 1-59114-933-9
- Zhang, Xiao Ming (2004), Red Wings Over the Yalu: China, the Soviet Union, and the Air War in Korea, College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, ISBN 1-58544-201-1