Zhang (surname)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the less common surname 章, see Zhang (surname 章).
Zhang / Chang
Jang, Chang (장) (Korean)
Trương, Trang (Vietnamese)
Tjong (Indonesia)
PronunciationIPA: /tʂɑŋ˥/ (Mandarin IPA)
Zhāng (Mandarin Pinyin)
Zoeng1 (Cantonese Jyutping)
Tiuⁿ (Hokkien Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
Language(s)Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese
Origin
Language(s)Old Chinese
DerivationNie
Meaningdrawing a bow,[1]
archer, bowyer, a measure word

Zhang (

first tone Zhāng. It is a surname that exists in many languages and cultures, corresponding to the surname 'Archer' in English for example.[4] In the Wade–Giles system of romanization, it is romanized as Chang, which is commonly used in Taiwan. Cheung is commonly used in Hong Kong as a romanization. It is the 24th name on the Hundred Family Surnames
poem, contained in the verse 何呂施張 (Hé Lǚ Shī Zhāng).

Zhang is also the pinyin romanization of the less-common surnames 章 (Zhāng), which is the 40th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem, and 仉 (Zhǎng).

Today, it is one of the most common surnames in the world at over 100 million people worldwide.

National Citizen ID Information System as the third-most-common surname in mainland China (April 2007), with 87.50 million bearers.[6][7]

A commonly cited but erroneous

Guinness Book of Records listed it as the world's most common surname,[8]
but no comprehensive information from China was available at the time and more recent editions have not repeated the claim.

Transliterations and Derivatives

Derivatives

Distribution

  • Zhang Fei (died July or August 221 AD)'s subordinates Fan Qiang (范彊) and Zhang Da (張達) assassinated their commander, decapitated the corpse, and brought the head along with them as they defected to Sun Quan's side.
  • Zhang Gaoli(Disappearance of Peng Shuai)
  • Trương Mỹ Lan (Chinese: 張美蘭, born 13 October 1956)On 11 April 2024, Lan was sentenced to death.
For list of people with surname Zhang, see List of people with surname Zhang.

As mentioned above, 張 is the third-most-common surname in mainland China, making up 6.83% of the population of the People's Republic of China.[9] In 2019 it was the most common surname in exactly one provincial-level division, Shanghai municipality.[10] In Taiwan, 張 is the fourth-most-common surname, making up 5.26% of the population of the Republic of China. In 2019 it was again the third most common surname in Mainland China.[10]

Zhang Wei (张伟) has been the most common family name and given name combination in China for many years.

Among the Chinese diaspora, the name remains common but takes on various romanizations. "Teo" and "Chong" are amongst the

Canadian health card recipients.[12]

History

Characters

張 combines the

simp. 长, cháng, "long" or "wide"). It originally meant "to open up" or "to spread" as an arching bow, but as a common noun in modern use it is a measure word
for flat objects such as paper and cloth, like the English "sheet of".

Families

The traditional origin of the surname 張 (

Middle Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as Trjang.[1]

Other origins

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Baxter, William H.; Sagart, Laurent (2011). Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction. p. 143. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2011 – via crlao.ehess.fr.
  2. ^ Tongji weixun 统计微讯 (23 June 2014). 张、王、李、赵谁最多—2010年人口普查姓氏结构和分布特点. mp.weixin.qq.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  3. ^ 最新版百家姓排行榜出炉：王姓成中国第一大姓 [Latest surname ranking: Wang is the number one surname in China]. Xinhua News Agency (in Chinese). 15 April 2013. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
  4. ^ "Zhang Family History". Ancestry.ca. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  5. ^ "What are the 10 most common last names in the world?". Reference.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  6. ^ 公安部统计分析显示：王姓成为我国第一大姓. 新华网 (in Chinese). 24 April 2007. Archived from the original on 29 April 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  7. ^ "Chinese Surname Shortage Sparks Rethink". People's Daily Online. 20 June 2007. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  8. ISBN 189205101X
    .
  9. ^ 公安部统计：'王'成中国第一大姓 有9288万人 [Public Security Bureau Statistics: 'Wang' Found China's #1 'Big Family', Includes 92.88m People]. news.eastday.com (in Chinese). 24 April 2007. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  10. ^ a b 2019年全国姓名报告出炉，这十个姓名使用最多. 新京报网 (in Chinese). 20 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 March 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  11. Statistics Singapore. Archived from the original
    on 23 February 2008. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  12. PMID 20470433
    .
  13. ^ (本聶壹之後，以避怨變姓。) Sanguozhi. Vol. 17.
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