Đại Việt sử ký
Subject | History of Vietnam |
---|---|
Genre | Historiography |
Publisher | Trần dynasty |
Publication date | 1272 |
Followed by | Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư |
The Đại Việt sử ký (Vietnamese:
History of compilation
Lê Văn Hưu was a renowned scholar and an official of the royal court of the Trần dynasty during the reign of Trần Thái Tông and Trần Thánh Tông who promoted him to the position of Hàn Lâm viện học sĩ (是翰林學士, Member of the Hanlin Academy) and Quốc sử viện giám tu (Supervisor of the royal bureau for historical records).[1][2] It was the Emperor Thái Tông who commissioned Lê Văn Hưu to compile the official historical text of the Trần dynasty named Đại Việt sử ký.[3] The 30-volume (quyển) text was completed and offered to the Emperor Trần Thánh Tông in January 1272 and was praised by Thánh Tông for its quality.[1][4][5] Lê Tắc in his An Nam chí lược suggested that the Đại Việt sử ký was compiled by Lê Văn Hưu in revising the book Việt chí (越志, Records of Việt) which was written by Trần Phổ after the order of Trần Thái Tông.[6][7]
During the
Contents
Since the original version of the Đại Việt sử ký was absorbed in the works of Phan Phu Tiên and Ngô Sĩ Liên, it is difficult to distinguish which part was written by Lê Văn Hưu and which ones were compiled by the others. They only know that Lê Văn Hưu chose the foundation of the Kingdom of
Time | Event | Period | Note |
---|---|---|---|
137 BC | Death of Triệu Vũ vương | First Chinese domination |
[14] |
111 BC | Collapse of the Triệu dynasty | First Chinese domination |
[15] |
42 | Revolt of the Trưng Sisters against the Han dynasty |
Second Chinese domination |
[16] |
186 | End of the domination of the Han dynasty | Second Chinese domination |
[17] |
210 | End of the ruling of Shi Xie | Second Chinese domination |
[18] |
432 | Invasion of Vietnam by the kingdom of Lâm Ấp | Second Chinese domination |
[19] |
548 | Death of Lý Nam Đế | Early Lý dynasty | [20] |
866 | Construction of Đại La by Cao Biền | Third Chinese domination |
[21] |
944 | Death of Ngô Quyền | Ngô dynasty | [22] |
950 | Restoration of the throne from Dương Tam Kha by Ngô Xương Văn | Ngô dynasty | [23] |
965 | Death of Ngô Xương Văn | Ngô dynasty | [24] |
968 | Enthronement of Đinh Tiên Hoàng |
Đinh dynasty | [25] |
970 | Coronation of Đinh Tiên Hoàng's 5 empresses | Đinh dynasty | [25] |
981 | Enthronement of Lê Đại Hành |
Early Lê dynasty | [26] |
1005 | Death of Lê Đại Hành | Early Lê dynasty | [27] |
1005 | Usurpation of the throne from Lê Long Việt by his brother Lê Long Đĩnh | Early Lê dynasty | [28] |
1009 | Coronation of Lý Thái Tổ | Lý dynasty | [29] |
1010 | Change of capital from Thăng Long by Lý Thái Tổ |
Lý dynasty | [30] |
1028 | Succession of Lý Thái Tông | Lý dynasty | [31] |
1028 | Burial of Lý Thái Tổ | Lý dynasty | [32] |
1034 | Reform of the rule of calling in the royal court of the Lý dynasty by Lý Thái Tông | Lý dynasty | [33] |
1039 | Change of Lý Thái Tông's imperial title | Lý dynasty | [34] |
1043 | Rebellion of Nùng Trí Cao |
Lý dynasty | [35] |
1128 | Death of Lý Nhân Tông | Lý dynasty | [36] |
1128 | Victory of Lý Nhân Tông against the kingdom of Chân Lạp |
Lý dynasty | [37] |
1129 | Coronation of Sùng Hiền Hầu as Retired Emperor (Thái thượng hoàng) by order of Lý Thần Tông | Lý dynasty | [38] |
1129 | Appointment of Lý Tử Khắc for the position of Military Commander (Khu mật sứ) | Lý dynasty | [39] |
1130 | Imposition of Lý Thần Tông on selecting imperial concubines | Lý dynasty | [40] |
1150 | Rise of Đỗ Anh Vũ in the royal court of the Lý dynasty | Lý dynasty | [41] |
1154 | Marriage between Lý Anh Tông and a daughter of the king of Champa | Lý dynasty | [42] |
Historical perspectives
They [
Trưng Sisters] proclaimed themselves queens as easily as turning over their hands, which shows that our land of Viet was able to establish a royal tradition. What a pity that, for a thousand years after this, the men of our land bowed their heads, folded their arms, and served the northerners; how shameful this is in comparison with the two Trưng Sisters, who were women. Ah, it is enough to make one want to die.
Lê Văn Hưu, Đại Việt sử ký, cited in Ngô Sĩ Liên, Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, "Era of Trưng Nữ vương"[16][43]
Considered the first comprehensive historical record of the history of Vietnam,[2][3][44] Đại Việt sử ký was compiled by Lê Văn Hưu in following the format of Sima Guang's Zizhi Tongjian (资治通鉴, Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government).[45] During the period of compilation, Lê Văn Hưu had chance to witness one of the principal events of the Trần dynasty which was the war of resistance of Đại Việt against the second and third Mongol invasions.[46] With the continuous threat from the northern border, Thái Tông and Thánh Tông commissioned Lê Văn Hưu to write the historical text so that the Trần clan could learn experiences from Đại Việt's past to enforce its ruling and affirm the independence of the country from China.[47]
These purposes of the emperors and Lê Văn Hưu explained why the historian chose the foundation of the Kingdom of Nam Việt in 207 BC by Triệu Đà as the starting point for the history of Vietnam, an opinion which was challenged by several Vietnamese historians from
Since Lê Văn Hưu highly treasured the independence of Vietnam, he often had negative comments on historical figures who was considered by Lê Văn Hưu being more or less responsible for the loss of the country's autonomy to its northern neighbour
Beside the concern for the identity of the country, Lê Văn Hưu also paid special importance to the ability in reigning the country of Vietnamese rulers from Ngô Quyền to
References
Notes
- ^ a b Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 181
- ^ Từ điển Bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam(in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2009-12-18.
- ^ a b Trần Trọng Kim 1971, p. 52
- ^ National Bureau for Historical Record 1998, p. 219
- ^ Chapuis 1995, p. 82
- ^ a b c Taylor 1991, p. 351
- ^ Lê Tắc (1961). An Nam chí lược (in Vietnamese). University of Hue. p. 122.
- ^ Trần Trọng Kim 1971, p. 82
- ^ National Bureau for Historical Record 1998, p. 356
- ISBN 0-674-93721-X.
- ^ Từ điển Bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam(in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2009-12-18.
- ^ Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid 2006, pp. 48–49
- ^ Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid 2006, p. 47
- ^ a b Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 14
- ^ a b Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 19
- ^ a b c Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 21
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 24
- ^ a b Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 27
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 34
- ^ a b c Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 38
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 50
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 54
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 55
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 56
- ^ a b c Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 59
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 66
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 73
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 74
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 79
- ^ a b Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 81
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 88
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 90
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 93
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 97
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 100
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 124
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 126
- ^ a b Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 127
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 128
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 129
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 141
- ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 142
- ISBN 1-56324-270-2.
- ^ Trần Trọng Kim 1971, p. 10
- ^ Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid 2006, p. 46
- ^ Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid 2006, pp. 47–48
- ^ Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid 2006, p. 48
- ^ Ngô Thì Sĩ (1991). Việt sử tiêu án. History & Literature Publishing House. p. 8.
- Từ điển Bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam(in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2009-12-18.
- Từ điển Bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam(in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2009-12-18.
- ^ Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid 2006, pp. 49–50
- ^ a b c Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid 2006, p. 50
- ^ Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid 2006, p. 51
- ^ a b c Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid 2006, p. 54
- ^ Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid 2006, pp. 55–56
- ^ Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid 2006, pp. 64–68
- ISBN 0-521-61834-7.
Bibliography
- National Bureau for Historical Record (1998), Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Education Publishing House
- Chapuis, Oscar (1995), A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-29622-7
- Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House
- Taylor, Keith Weller (1991), The Birth of Vietnam, University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-07417-3
- Trần Trọng Kim (1971), Việt Nam sử lược (in Vietnamese), Saigon: Center for School Materials
- Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid (2006), Việt Nam Borderless Histories, Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, ISBN 978-0-299-21770-9