Şebinkarahisar

Coordinates: 40°17′19″N 38°25′24″E / 40.28861°N 38.42333°E / 40.28861; 38.42333
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Kara Hisar.
Şebinkarahisar
Nikopolis
Municipality
Şebinkarahisar is located in Turkey
Şebinkarahisar
Şebinkarahisar
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 40°17′19″N 38°25′24″E / 40.28861°N 38.42333°E / 40.28861; 38.42333
CountryTurkey
ProvinceGiresun
DistrictŞebinkarahisar
Government
 • MayorÖmer Şentürk (AKP)
Elevation
1,364 m (4,475 ft)
Population
 (2022)[1]
10,695
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code
28400
Area code0454
ClimateCsb
Websitewww.sebinkarahisar.bel.tr

Şebinkarahisar is a town in

Black Sea region of northeastern Turkey. It is the administrative seat of Şebinkarahisar District.[2] Its population is 10,695 (2022).[1]

Name

The 6th-century Byzantine historian

Eretnids record an Armenian variation of the name, Koğoniya.[4] The historical Turkish form of this name was Kuğuniya.[5]

In the 11th century, a second name becomes associated with the place: the town retains the name Koloneia but the fortress above is called Mavrokastron, Greek for "Black Fortress". The

better source needed
]

History

The recorded history of Şebinkarahisar begins with the

Mithridates VI, Pompey strengthened the town's fortifications and founded a Roman colony
(colonia).

In the

Byzantine period, the city was rebuilt by Justinian I (r. 527–565). In the 7th century, it became part of the Armeniac Theme, and later of Chaldia, before finally becoming the seat of a separate theme by 863. It was attacked by Arab raids in 778 and in 940.[10]

Şebinkarahisar fell to the

Ak Koyunlu took over in 1459, perhaps believing that the place constituted part of the dowry of his new Greek wife, the daughter of John IV of Trebizond.[11]

Sivas Vilayet
(1865-1923).

According to the Ottoman General Census of 1881/82-1893, the kaza of Şebinkarahisar (Karahisar-i Şarki) had a total population of 35.051, consisting of 19.421 Muslims, 8.512 Greeks and 7.118 Armenians.[15]

The Shabin-Karahisar uprising

Main article: Shabin-Karahisar uprising

Şebinkarahisar was one of the few locations where Armenians actively resisted the Armenian genocide.[16][17]

As news of deportations and massacres in other parts of the Ottoman Empire reached the town, its Armenian population decided to make preparations for self-defence. On June 15, 1915 some 300 Armenians, mostly wealthy merchants, were arrested. On the following day, after further attempted arrests, fighting erupted and barricades were erected in the town's Armenian districts. By June 18 most of those districts had fallen or been abandoned. Some 5,000 Armenians from the town and nearby villages, 75% of them women and children, retreated into Şebinkarahisar's medieval fortress. It was then surrounded by Turkish troops, who directed heavy artillery at its walls. On the night of July 11, with food, water, and ammunition almost exhausted, the Armenians decided to secretly evacuate the fortress. However, the attempt was discovered and all who had left were killed. On July 12 those still inside the fortress surrendered. A massacre then followed in which all Armenian men were killed. Women and children survivors were held prisoner in the town before being deported like those of other towns.[18] Official Turkish records claim that during the revolt the Armenian rebels killed 403 civilian Turkish villagers.[19]

The Republic of Turkey

When the republic was founded in 1923 the 10th Army was garrisoned here, bringing a boost to the local economy.

Atatürk visited in 1924, on his way from seeing earthquake damage in Erzurum
.

Geography

Şebinkarahisar is a quiet town, 40 km from the provincial city of Giresun, standing on the north side of the valley of the river Avutmuş in the Giresun Mountains.

The town is hard to reach, the road along the riverbank is windy and narrow, and services are hard to provide.

The Şebin walnut is a particular variety of walnut grown on the valley sides.

mulberry syrup, pekmez
.

Climate

Şebinkarahisar has a dry-summer continental climate (Köppen: Dsb),[21] with warm, dry summers, and cold winters.

Climate data for Şebinkarahisar (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.4
(36.3) 		4.0
(39.2) 		8.8
(47.8) 		14.8
(58.6) 		19.6
(67.3) 		24.1
(75.4) 		28.1
(82.6) 		28.9
(84.0) 		24.6
(76.3) 		18.2
(64.8) 		10.1
(50.2) 		4.5
(40.1) 		15.7
(60.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.5
(29.3) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		3.8
(38.8) 		9.0
(48.2) 		13.3
(55.9) 		16.9
(62.4) 		20.0
(68.0) 		20.5
(68.9) 		16.8
(62.2) 		11.9
(53.4) 		5.2
(41.4) 		0.6
(33.1) 		9.7
(49.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.5
(23.9) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		4.2
(39.6) 		8.1
(46.6) 		10.9
(51.6) 		13.3
(55.9) 		13.6
(56.5) 		10.5
(50.9) 		7.1
(44.8) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		4.9
(40.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 49.49
(1.95) 		45.72
(1.80) 		57.68
(2.27) 		79.65
(3.14) 		74.95
(2.95) 		39.18
(1.54) 		12.2
(0.48) 		8.82
(0.35) 		25.72
(1.01) 		55.02
(2.17) 		56.32
(2.22) 		50.87
(2.00) 		555.62
(21.87)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7.7 8.1 9.9 10.9 11.4 6.5 2.5 2.0 4.0 7.2 7.7 8.6 86.5
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		70.3 67.5 62.7 58.1 60.0 58.5 53.4 52.8 53.7 61.3 65.1 70.3 61.1
Source: NOAA[22]

Places of interest

  • Şebinkarahisar castle
  • Atatürk House
  • Kümbet Yaylası - A camping place
  • Behramşah Cami - mosque built by the
    Seljuk Turks
    , in the neighbourhood of Avutmuş.
  • Taşhanlar - Ottoman-period stone caravanserai, at the entrance to the castle
  • Fatih Cami - Ottoman mosque next to the castle
  • Virgin Mary Monastery - A Christian Monastery
  • Surp Asdvadzadzin, an Armenian church built in 1274. Although destroyed by an accidental fire in the late 1800s, it was rebuilt. The new church could house 3,000 attendees.[8]

Notable people

References

  1. ^
    TÜİK
    . Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  2. ^ İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  3. ^ Procopius De Aedificiis 3.4.6-7
  4. ISBN 0-88402-122-X
    .
  5. ISBN 9781317876250
    . Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  6. ^ Bryer and Winfield, p. 146
  7. ISBN 978-1-108-01453-3
    , p. 57.
  8. ^ a b "From the Cultural Heritage Map: Şebinkarahisar Surp Asdvadzadzin". Hrant Dink Foundation.
  9. ^ Presenting Nikopolis (Garasari) region in greek
  10. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6
    .
  11. ^ Bryer and Winfield, p. 148
  12. doi:10.2307/3642660
    .
  13. ISBN 0-691-09900-6
    .
  14. ^ Robert W. Edwards, “The Fortress of Şebinkarahisar (Koloneia),” Corso di Cultura sull' Arte Ravennate e Bizantina 32 (1985), pp. 23-64.
  15. The University of Wisconsin Press
    , p. 136-137
  16. ISBN 0-312-04847-5
  17. ISBN 0-7007-0639-9
  18. ^ Payaslian, Simon (2004). "The Armenian Resistance at Shabin-Karahisar in 1915". In Hovannisian, Richard G. (ed.). Armenian Sebastia/Sivas and Lesser Armenia. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers. pp. 399–426.
  19. ISBN 978-605-54-1017-9. book description Archived 2012-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Þebin Cevizi.Net - Anasayfa
  21. ^ "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.
  22. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Şebinkarahisar". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  23. ^ Yan, Nair (2016-10-27). "Ashod Zorian Paintings Donated to the Armenian National Gallery". The Armenian Mirror-Spectator. Retrieved 2023-02-02.
  24. ^ "Ashod Zorian (1905–1970)". Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) Egypt. Retrieved 2023-02-02.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Şebinkarahisar&oldid=1196683563"