1833 Sumatra earthquake

Coordinates: 2°30′S 100°30′E / 2.5°S 100.5°E / -2.5; 100.5
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
1833 Sumatra earthquake
1833 Sumatra earthquake is located in Sumatra
1833 Sumatra earthquake
Local dateNovember 25, 1833 (1833-11-25)
Local time22:00
Magnitude8.8–9.2 Mw
Epicenter2°30′S 100°30′E / 2.5°S 100.5°E / -2.5; 100.5
FaultSunda megathrust
Areas affectedSumatra, Dutch East Indies
Max. intensityVIII (Heavily damaging)[1]
Tsunamiyes
Casualtiesunknown
Plate tectonic setting of Sunda megathrust
USGS map showing rupture area of the 1833 quake

The 1833 Sumatra earthquake occurred on November 25 at about 22:00 local time, with an estimated magnitude in the range of 8.8–9.2 Mw . It caused a large tsunami that flooded the southwestern coast of the island. There are no reliable records of the loss of life, with the casualties being described only as 'numerous'. The magnitude of this event has been estimated using records of uplift taken from coral microatolls.[2]

Background

The island of Sumatra lies on the

2000 and 2002.[2]

Damage

There is only sparse information available regarding the extent of damage associated with either the earthquake or the subsequent tsunami. However, the tsunami was clearly devastating along the southwest coast of Sumatra from Pariaman to Bengkulu. There is also a lone report of significant damage in the Seychelles.[3] The tsunami also caused severe damage in the Maldives and Sri Lanka. Waves have also been reported to reach northern Australia, the Bay of Bengal and Thailand, although in small intensity. [4]

Characteristics

Earthquake

The earthquake shaking lasted 5 minutes in Bengkulu and 3 minutes in Padang, combined with the severity this suggests a very large source rupture.

Uranium-thorium dating method allows morphological changes to be dated, with an uncertainty of only a few years to a few decades.[2]

Tsunami

Modelling of the tsunami suggests that most of the energy would have been radiated out into the Indian Ocean, sparing most coastal population centres outside Sumatra itself.[5] Detailed modelling around Sumatra matches well with limited observations available.[6]

See also

References

  1. S2CID 253365854
  2. ^
    hdl:10220/8480. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2014-10-31. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
  3. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03674.x
    . Retrieved 2009-10-30.
  4. ^ "25-11-1833: Alam Hening...Lalu Gempa Dahsyat Guncang Sumatera". 25 November 2014. Archived from the original on 2016-05-15.
  5. ^ Cummins, Phil; Leonard, M (March 2005). "The Boxing Day 2004 tsunami—a repeat of the 1833 tsunami?". Geoscience Australia. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  6. PMID 17170141
    .
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