184th Infantry Division "Nembo"

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184th Infantry Division "Nembo"
Active1942-1944
Country Kingdom of Italy
Branch Royal Italian Army
TypeInfantry
RoleAirborne
SizeDivision
EngagementsWorld War II:
Insignia
Identification
symbol
Nembo Division gorget patches

The 184th Infantry Division "Nembo" (

II Corps liberated Ancona in the Battle of Ancona.[1]

History

Formation

The division was activated on 1 November 1942 in

CLXXXIV Paratroopers Sappers Battalion, and minor units.[2]

The

Western Desert Campaign. The 185th Infantry Regiment "Folgore" remained in Italy to serve as the basis for the formation of the 184th Infantry Division "Nembo". On 15 September the regiment left the 185th Paratroopers Division "Folgore" and at the time consisted of the III, X, and XI paratrooper battalions.[2][3]

The 184th Infantry Regiment "Nembo" was raised on 24 August 1942 in Florence and consisted of the XII, XIII, and XIV paratrooper battalions, which had been trained at the Royal Air Force Paratroopers School in Tarquinia.[4][2] The 184th Artillery Regiment "Nembo" was raised on 15 September 1942 in Pisa and consisted of the I and II paratrooper artillery groups, which both had been trained in Tarquinia.[5][2] The CLXXXIV Paratroopers Sappers Battalion was activated together with the division on 1 November 1942.[6]

Meanwhile, the 185th Paratroopers Division "Folgore" fought in the

183rd Infantry Regiment "Nembo" with the XV, XVI, and VIII/bis paratrooper battalions was raised by the Royal Air Force Paratroopers School in Viterbo.[8][2] The VIII/bis Paratroopers Battalion was formed to replace the original VIII Paratroopers Battalion, which had been reorganized as VIII Paratroopers Sappers Battalion in May 1942 and been destroyed in the Second Battle of El Alamein.[9] The 183rd Infantry Regiment joined the division on 12 April 1943 and was based in Livorno. To complete the division the 184th Artillery Regiment raised a third paratroopers artillery group and the CLXXXIV Paratroopers Sappers Battalion raised a third paratroopers sappers company.[2]

On 30 May 1943 the 183rd Infantry Regiment, 184th Infantry Regiment, and 184th Artillery Regiment received their

185th Infantry Regiment "Nembo" then left the division and became an autonomous unit.[8]

Sardinia

184th Infantry Division "Nembo" is located in Sardinia
Sassari
Sassari
Cagliari
Cagliari
Div. Command
Div. Command
Quaroni
Quaroni
Renzoni
Renzoni
Invrea
Invrea
Valletti
Valletti
Tantillo
Tantillo
class=notpageimage|
The division's locations in Sardinia 1943

In early June 1943, the bulk of the division was transferred to Sardinia, while the 185th Infantry Regiment "Nembo" and the III Paratroopers Artillery Group were detached. In Sardinia, the division was assigned to XIII Army Corps, which was responsible for the defence of the southern half of the island. The division was divided into tactical groups, which were dispersed in the island's southwestern region of Campidano, while one battalion was sent to the northwestern region of Nurra. The tactical groups of the Nembo, together with units of the German 90th Panzergrenadier Division, were intended to act as rapid reinforcements for the coastal units garrisoning the beaches where allied forces were expected to land.[10]

The tactical groupings and groups were named after their commanders and based at the following locations:[10]

  • 184th Infantry Division "Nembo", in Villanovaforru
    • Grouping "Quaroni", in Assemini
      • Command Company/
        183rd Infantry Regiment "Nembo"
      • Tactical Group "Gigersa" (XVI Paratroopers Battalion (reinforced)/ 183rd Infantry Regiment "Nembo")
      • Tactical Group "Lusena" (XV Paratroopers Battalion (reinforced)/ 183rd Infantry Regiment "Nembo")
      • Tactical Group "Conte" (CLXXXIV Paratroopers Sappers Battalion (reinforced))
    • Grouping "Renzoni", in Serramanna
      • Command Company/
        184th Infantry Regiment "Nembo"
      • Tactical Group "Rizzati" (XII Paratroopers Battalion (reinforced)/ 184th Infantry Regiment "Nembo")
      • Tactical Group "Corrias" (XIV Paratroopers Battalion (reinforced)/ 184th Infantry Regiment "Nembo")
    • Grouping "Invrea", in Marrubiu
      • Tactical Group "Del Vita" (XIII Paratroopers Battalion (reinforced)/ 184th Infantry Regiment "Nembo")
      • Tactical Group "Cadeddu" (attached:
        III Squadrons Group "Cavalleggeri di Sardegna"
        )
    • Tactical Group "Valletti" (X/bis Paratroopers Battalion (reinforced)/ 183rd Infantry Regiment "Nembo") in Fertilia
    • Maneuver Grouping "Tantillo" in Sanluri (attached M14/41 tank unit from the 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment)

Armistice of Cassibile

The announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 and the total lack of communication, orders or news from Rome led to a split in the division: The XII Paratroopers Battalion of the 184th Infantry Regiment "Nembo" decided to side with the Germans. Together with individual soldiers, the battalion began to retreat with the German 90th Panzergrenadier Division towards Corsica.[10] The division's Chief of Staff Lieutenant Colonel Alberto Bechi Luserna followed the mutinous troops to try to convince them to return to their positions and respect the chain of command. On 9 September near Borore he caught up with them and was killed together with one of the accompanying Carabinieri officers. The mutineers then dumped his body into the sea when they crossed the Strait of Bonifacio to Corsica. For his courage Alberto Bechi Luserna was awarded Italy's highest military honour the Gold Medal of Military Valor.[11][12][10]

Following these events, the Armed Forces Command Sardinia ordered the XIII Army Corps to keep the division under strict surveillance and away from combat operations. Meanwhile, the division's commander disbanded the X/bis Paratroopers Battalion of the 183rd Infantry Regiment "Nembo" and the 284th Paratrooper Cyclists Company, which both were deemed unreliable.[10]

Italian Co-belligerent Army

Main article: Italian Liberation Corps

In January 1944 the 184th Artillery Regiment returned to mainland Italy, where its two groups were equipped with more powerful

II Corps. In this battle the Nembo distinguished itself in the liberation of Filottrano, earning the 183rd Infantry Regiment "Nembo" a Bronze Medal of Military Valor and the 184th Infantry Regiment "Nembo" a War Cross of Military Valor.[8]

In August 1944 the regiment received a third group equipped with British

Combat Group "Folgore", which was equipped with British materiel and uniforms.[14] The 184th Artillery Regiment "Nembo" was assigned to the Combat Group "Folgore", renamed Artillery Regiment "Folgore", and re-equipped with British guns.[5]

In March 1945 the Combat Group "Folgore" fought at

1. Fallschirmjäger-Division at Case Grizzano. The paratroopers of the Nembo expelled the Germans from their positions at Case Grizzano and then defeated five German counterattacks, which opened the way for the allied armies to liberate Bologna. During the battle the commander of the battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Giuseppe Izzo, was gravely injured and when he was transported to the rear he was immediately awarded the American Distinguished Service Cross, making him the only Italian recipient of the award in all of World War II. Shortly afterwards Lieutenant Colonel Giuseppe Izzo was also awarded Italy's highest military honour the Gold Medal of Military Valor.[8][15]

Post War

On 15 October 1945 the

1975 army reform, when it was reduced to 183rd Mechanized Infantry Battalion Nembo and assigned to the Mechanized Brigade "Gorizia".[8] On 1 July 1953 the personnel and equipment of the 184th Artillery Regiment "Nembo" were used to reform the 5th Mountain Artillery Regiment.[5]

Organization

Attached to the division in Sardinia:[1]

Commanding officers

The division's commanding officer was:[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Bollettino dell'Archivio dell'Ufficio Storico N.II-3 e 4 2002. Rome: Ministero della Difesa - Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito - Ufficio Storico. 2002. p. 349. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "184a Divisione di Fanteria "Nembo" - Costituzione". Associazione Nazionale "Nembo". Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b "185° Reggimento Paracadutisti Ricognizione Acquisizione Obiettivi "Folgore" - La Storia". Italian Army. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  4. ^ "184° Reggimento Paracadutisti "Nembo"". Italian Army. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d "184° Reggimento Artiglieria Paracadutisti "Nembo"". Italian Army. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  6. ^ "CLXXXIV Battaglione Guastatori Paracadutisti". Italian Army. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  7. ^ Bollettino dell'Archivio dell'Ufficio Storico N.II-3 e 4 2002. Rome: Ministero della Difesa - Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito - Ufficio Storico. 2002. p. 351. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  8. ^ a b c d e "183° Reggimento Paracadutisti "Nembo"". Italian Army. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  9. ^ "8° Reggimento Genio Guastatori Paracadutisti "Folgore" - La Storia". Italian Army. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  10. ^ a b c d e "184a Divisione di Fanteria "Nembo" - In Sardegna". Associazione Nazionale "Nembo". Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  11. ^ "Bechi Luserna Alberto". President of Italy. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  12. ^ "Ten.Col. Alberto Bechi Luserna". Italian Army. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  13. ^ "L'Esercito e i suoi corpi - Volume Terzo - Tomo I". Rome: Ministero della Difesa - Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito - Ufficio Storico. 1979. p. 90. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  14. ^ a b "La Divisione "NEMBO" ed il 185° reparto paracadutisti Arditi "Nembo" nelle operazioni con il Corpo Italiano di Liberazione". Associazione Nazionale "Nembo". Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  15. ^ "Giuseppe Izzo". President of Italy. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  16. ^ "184° Reggimento di fanteria "Nembo"". Regio Esercito. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  17. ^ F. dell'Uomo, R. Puletti (1998). L'Esercito Italiano verso il 2000 - Vol. Primo - Tomo II. Rome: SME - Ufficio Storico. p. 144.


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