1998 Pacific typhoon season
1998 Pacific typhoon season | |
---|---|
Zeb | |
• Maximum winds | 205 km/h (125 mph) (10-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 900 hPa (mbar) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 31, 2 unofficial |
Total storms | 16 |
Typhoons | 8 |
Super typhoons | 3 (unofficial) |
Total fatalities | 924 total |
Total damage | $950.8 million (1998 USD) |
Related articles | |
The 1998 Pacific typhoon season was the least active
The 1998 season was very weak compared to the
Systems
Tropical Depression 01W (Akang)
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 7 – July 12 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1002 hPa (mbar) |
The second
Tropical Storm Nichole
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 8 – July 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 998 hPa (mbar) |
As 01W intensified over the
Tropical Depression 03W
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 25 – July 25 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1008 hPa (mbar) |
Operationally considered to have only been a tropical depression, Tropical Storm 03W developed out of a tropical disturbance along the eastern edge of a monsoon gyre on July 22. Tracking in a gradual northwest to northeast curve, the disturbance gradually intensified and was classified as a tropical depression while located 790 km (490 mi) east-northeast of Iwo Jima on July 25. The depression briefly intensified into a tropical storm, with a peak intensity of 85 km/h (50 mph 1-minute winds) as convection wrapped around the entire center of circulation. However, strong wind shear quickly blew away the associated convection, causing 03W to weaken to a tropical depression. Early on July 26, 03W degenerated into an exposed low before dissipating.[2]
Typhoon Otto (Bising)
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 1 – August 6 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min); 970 hPa (mbar) |
The first typhoon of the season developed out of a tropical low from a mesoscale disturbance in early August. Persistent convection developed around the low[6] and early on August 2, the JTWC began issuing advisories on Tropical Depression 04W.[7]
Storm signals were put in place in the
Severe Tropical Storm Penny (Klaring)
Severe tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 6 – August 11 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 985 hPa (mbar) |
A tropical disturbance formed on August 2 and strengthened into a tropical depression east of the Philippines. As Penny strengthened into a tropical storm, it made landfall over Northern Luzon, on August 7, and drifted into the South China sea on the same day. Strong vertical wind shear on August 8 caused Penny's convection to be displaced to south of the storm, and even exposed the level circulation center for a few hours. Penny was only located 165 kilometers from Hong Kong when it was at its closest distance to Hong Kong, and killed one person in Hong Kong. Penny soon made landfall over Maoming on August 11, and dissipated the next day.
Typhoon Rex (Deling)
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 23 – September 6 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min); 955 hPa (mbar) |
An active Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough allowed for the development of Tropical Depression 6W on August 22, east of
Tropical Depression 07W
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 31 – September 5 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1002 hPa (mbar) |
On August 26, a monsoonal trough formed over central China and drifted south. On August 29, the trough spawned an embedded low over Taiwan, and strengthened into a tropical depression on September 1. Tropical Depression 07W fully dissipated on September 6 due to vertical wind shear.
Severe Tropical Storm Stella
Severe tropical storm (JMA) | |
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 11 – September 16 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min); 965 hPa (mbar) |
In northern Japan, near
Severe damage was sustained in
Tropical Depression 09W
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 13 – September 14 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 998 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 09W developed in the South China Sea on September 12. It moved westward and struck Hainan and Vietnam before dissipating on September 14.
Typhoon Todd (Emang)
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 15 – September 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min); 955 hPa (mbar) |
The monsoon trough spawned a low pressure system late on August 14, which developed into Tropical Storm Todd shortly thereafter. Interaction with a trough provided excellent outflow for the system, which explosively intensified over the following day, with 1-minute winds increasing from 50 knots to 130 knots in a 24-hour period ending at 06z on August 17. [19] However, the upper-level low that had been providing Todd with enhanced outflow soon began to shear it as it catapulted the storm northward and then westward, and by the time it had made landfall in China, Todd had weakened back into a tropical storm with 10-minute winds of 45 knots per the JMA.[20] Todd dissipated inland over China on August 20. Seven people were killed by Todd in Kyushu. Damage in southern Japan amounted to 31.9 million yen (US$236,436).[21]
Typhoon Vicki (Gading)
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 17 – September 22 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min); 960 hPa (mbar) |
Vicki developed in the South China Sea west of Luzon on September 17. Vicki moved east and crossed Luzon. After landfalling on Luzon, Vicki moved northeast and struck the Kii Peninsula in Japan on September 22 before becoming extratropical. The storm caused the deaths of 108 people.
Tropical Depression 12W
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 18 – September 19 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 12W developed in the South China Sea on September 16. It moved west-northwestward and moved along the coast of Vietnam. The depression made landfall in that country before dissipating on September 19.
Tropical Storm Waldo
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 19 – September 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min); 994 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Waldo developed on September 18. It moved northward and struck Japan before dissipating on September 21.
Typhoon Yanni (Heling)
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 26 – September 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min); 965 hPa (mbar) |
Yanni killed 50 people in South Korea.
Tropical Depression 15W
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 2 – October 5 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 15W developed in the South China Sea on October 2. It initially moved northeastward, before later curving northwestward. The depression made landfall in Vietnam shortly before dissipating on October 5.
Tropical Depression 16W
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 4 – October 7 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1010 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 16W developed near Taiwan on October 4. It lasted three days before dissipating on October 7.
Tropical Depression 17W
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 5 – October 6 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1008 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 17W developed near the Ryukuyu Island on October 5. It headed north-northeastward and dissipated on October 7.
Typhoon Zeb (Iliang)
Violent typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 10 – October 17 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 205 km/h (125 mph) (10-min); 900 hPa (mbar) |
The monsoon trough near Guam developed a tropical depression on October 7. It moved westward, strengthening to a tropical storm on the 10th. The large inflow of the storm developed another tropical storm on the 10th; Tropical Storm Alex. The two moved westward, and as Zeb strengthened to a typhoon on the 11th, it absorbed the short-lived Tropical Storm Alex. It continued west-northwestward, rapidly intensifying to a 180 mph (290 km/h) super typhoon on the 13th with an official minimum central pressure of 900 millibars and an unofficial minimum central pressure of 872 millibars, which would tie for the second lowest on record. Zeb maintained this intensity until hitting Luzon in the Philippines on the 14th. After weakening over the archipelago Zeb moved northward to hit Taiwan as a minimal typhoon on the 15th. It maintained this intensity until hitting Japan on the 17th, after which it became extratropical on the 18th. Zeb was responsible for 122 casualties in its path.[22]
Tropical Storm Alex
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 11 – October 12 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (10-min); 991 hPa (mbar) |
On October 10, a small
Typhoon Babs (Loleng)
Very strong typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 14 – October 27 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min); 940 hPa (mbar) |
A tropical disturbance in association with the TUTT (Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough) formed into a tropical depression on October 11 near Guam. It moved westward under the influence of the Subtropical Ridge, and became a tropical storm on the 15th. Babs slowly intensified due to little upper level outflow, but when the outflow became more pronounced, it strengthened to a typhoon on the 19th and a super typhoon with a peak of 155 mph (249 km/h) winds on the 20th. Babs hit the central Philippines as a Category 4, and flooded an area just hit by another super typhoon, Zeb, only 7 days before. Babs weakened over the islands, and turned north where upper level shear caused it to dissipate on the 27th. Super Typhoon Babs caused heavy mudslides in the Philippines, resulting in more than 300 deaths and heavy flooding.
Tropical Storm Chip
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 11 – November 17 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 994 hPa (mbar) |
A monsoonal low that persisted over the South China Sea began to coalesce on November 10, and on the following day, the system became organized enough to be classified as a depression, receiving the designation 21W by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Although the depression initially struggled due to vertical wind shear displacing convection to the west of the center, gradual improvement in structure led to the system being upgraded into a tropical storm early on November 12 and receiving the name Chip. Gradually organizing as it moved northwest slowly, Chip reached peak 1-minute winds of 50 knots and 10-minute sustained winds of 40 knots per the JTWC and JMA respectively shortly before its landfall in Vietnam early on November 14. [26]
Chip killed at least 17 people and caused VND 16.2 billion ($923,400 1998 USD) in Vietnam. The remnants of Chip regenerated into a tropical cyclone over the Bay of Bengal. Peaking as a strong Category 1 cyclone, it then was known as Cyclone 07B when its remnants cross Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia . The system made landfall in Bangladesh, killing 100 people.
Tropical Storm Dawn
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 16 – November 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 998 hPa (mbar) |
Though a weak tropical storm, torrential rains from Dawn triggered catastrophic flooding in Vietnam, killing at least 187 people. Regarded as the worst cyclone to hit the region in three decades, 500,000 homes flooded, an additional 7,000 were destroyed and an estimated 2 million people were left homeless. Damage was estimated at VND 400 billion (US$28 million).[27]
Tropical Storm Elvis (Miding)
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 22 – November 26 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 992 hPa (mbar) |
Elvis killed 49 people and caused $30 million in damages in Vietnam.[2]
Typhoon Faith (Norming)
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 8 – December 14 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min); 970 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Faith moved westward across the northwestern Pacific. It strengthened to a typhoon just as it crossed over the Philippines, an area hit by several typhoons this season. After reaching a peak of 100 mph (160 km/h) winds over the South China Sea, Faith weakened to a tropical storm on December 14 just before making landfall on eastern Vietnam. It dissipated later that day.
In the Philippines, a total of eight people were killed and 17 others were reported as missing. Throughout the country, 51,785 people were displaced and another 20,419 were evacuated. Damages amounted to PHP 513.95 million (US$13 million).[28] In Vietnam, 40 people were killed and three others were left missing. A total of 602 homes were destroyed, another 16,327 were damaged, and 58,487 ha of rice fields were inundated. Damages in the country amounted to VND 204 billion (US$15 million).[29]
Tropical Storm Gil
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 9 – December 12 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 992 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Gil developed in the South China Sea on December 8. It moved westward and peaked with winds of 75 km/h (45 mph). Gil made landfall in Thailand as a tropical depression which caused a plane crash at Surat Thani due to bad weather before dissipating on December 13.
Tropical Depression 26W
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 17 – December 19 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min); 1002 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 26W developed over the Philippines on December 17. It moved north-northwestward and dissipated near northern Luzon on December 19.
Tropical Depression 27W
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 19 – December 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
The final tropical depression of the season developed from a poorly organized tropical disturbance on December 18 over the South China Sea. Situated within an unfavorable environment, the system struggled to maintain deep convection; however, the following day, it was classified as Tropical Depression 27W by the JTWC. Operationally, 27W was regarded as a tropical storm, with maximum winds of 75 km/h (45 mph) but in post-season analysis, the intensity was lowered to 55 km/h (35 mph).
Storm names
During the season 17 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a revised list which started on 1996.
Nichole | Otto | Penny | Rex | Stella | Todd | Vicki | Waldo | Yanni |
Zeb | Alex | Babs | Chip | Dawn | Elvis | Faith | Gil |
Philippines
Akang | Bising | Klaring | Deling | Emang |
Gading | Heling | Iliang | Loleng | Miding |
Norming | Oyang (unused) | Pasing (unused) | Ritang (unused) | Susang (unused) |
Tering (unused) | Uding (unused) | Weling (unused) | Yaning (unused) | |
Auxiliary list | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Aning (unused) | ||||
Bidang (unused) | Katring (unused) | Delang (unused) | Esang (unused) | Garding (unused) |
The
Season effects
This table summarizes all the systems that developed within or moved into the North Pacific Ocean, to the west of the International Date Line during 1998. The tables also provide an overview of a systems intensity, duration, land areas affected and any deaths or damages associated with the system.
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
TD | May 28 – 29 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands | None | None | |
01W (Akang) | July 7 – 12 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Nichole | July 8 – 10 | Tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Taiwan, China | None | None | |
TD | July 23 - 25 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | |
03W | July 25 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Otto (Bising) | August 1 – 6 | Strong typhoon | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, East China | $761,000 | 5 | |
Penny (Klaring) | August 6 – 11 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines, South China | None | 1 | |
TD | August 21 – 22 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Rex (Deling) | August 23 – September 6 | Strong typhoon | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | None | None | None | |
07W | August 31 – September 5 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | |
TD | September 7 – 8 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Stella | September 11 – 16 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan | $2.17 million | 3 | |
09W | September 13 – 14 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | South China, Vietnam | None | None | |
Todd (Emang) | September 15 – 20 | Strong typhoon | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Japan, East China | $236,500 | 7 | |
Vicki (Gading) |
September 17 – 22 | Strong typhoon | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Philippines, Japan | $81.7 million | 108 | |
12W | September 18 – 19 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Vietnam | None | None | |
Waldo | September 19 – 21 | Tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Japan | None | None | |
Yanni (Heling) | September 26 – 30 | Strong typhoon | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, South Korea | Unknown | 50 | |
15W | October 2 – 5 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | South China, Vietnam | None | None | |
16W | October 4 – 7 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1010 hPa (29.83 inHg) | Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands | None | None | |
17W | October 5 – 6 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | Ryukyu Islands | None | None | |
Zeb (Iliang) | October 10 – 17 | Violent typhoon | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Taiwan, Philippines, Japan | $576 million | 122 | |
Alex | October 11 | Tropical depression | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Babs (Loleng) | October 14 – 27 | Very strong typhoon | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Philippines, China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands | $203 million | 327 | |
TD | November 4 – 7 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Chip | November 11 – 17 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Vietnam | $923,400 | 17 | |
Dawn | November 16 – 20 | Tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Vietnam, Cambodia | $28 million | 187 | |
07B | November 16 – 17 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Malay Peninsula | None | None | |
Elvis (Miding) | November 22 – 26 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam | $30 million | 49 | |
Faith (Norming) | December 8 – 14 | Strong typhoon | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos | $28 million | 48 | |
Gil | December 9 – 12 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Vietnam, Thailand | None | None | |
26W | December 17 – 19 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Philippines | None | None | |
27W | December 19 – 21 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Season aggregates | ||||||||
33 systems | May 28 – December 21 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | $951 million | 924 |
See also
- 1998 Pacific hurricane season
- 1998 Atlantic hurricane season
- 1998 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- 1998–99 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season
References
- ^ "Gary Padgett's Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary". www.typhoon2000.ph. Archived from the original on November 30, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g Joint Typhoon Warning Center (1999). "1998 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 6, 2011. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
- Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (July 13, 1998). "Tropical Depression 'Akang' PAGASA track". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
- ^ "JMA Best Tracks for 1998". Japan Meteorological Agency. 1999. Archived from the original on 2008-05-21. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
- ^ Staff Writer (July 23, 1998). "Science File / An exploration of issues and trends affecting science, medicine and the environment; Ongoing Eruption". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
- ^ Gray Padgett (September 25, 1998). "Gary Padgett August 1998 Summary". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
- ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (1999). "Typhoon Otto Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
- ^ Sol Jose Vanzi (August 3, 1998). "Typhoon Bising Headed For Northern Luzon". Philippine Headline News. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
- ^ Sol Jose Vanzi (August 5, 1998). "Typhoon Veers Away From RP". Philippine Headline News. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
- ^ Staff Writer (August 5, 1998). "Taiwan: Typhoon leaves four dead, heads for China". Taipei Central News Agency. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
- ^ "Typhoon slams China as rains swell Yangtze". ReliefWeb. Reuters. August 5, 1998. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
- ^ William J. Kyle (1999). "1998 Pacific typhoon season" (PDF). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
- ^ Mary Kay Magistad (August 5, 1998). "China Flooding". NPR. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
- ^ "Typhoon Otto Adds To Flood-stricken China's Miseries". New Straits Times. Reuters. August 6, 1998. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
- ^ "Extratropical Storm Stella (9805) Damage report for Sōya Subprefecture" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 1998. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ "Extratropical Storm Stella (9805) Damage report for Abashiri Subprefecture" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 1998. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ "Extratropical Storm Stella (9805) Damage report for Iwamizawa, Hokkaidō" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 1998. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ "Extratropical Storm Stella (9805) Damage report for Obihiro, Hokkaidō" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 1998. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ "1998 Super Typhoon TODD (1998258N19126)". IBTracs. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
- ^ "1998 Super Typhoon TODD (1998258N19126)". IBTracs. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
- ^ "Typhoon Todd (9806) Damage report for Kagoshima Prefecture" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 1998. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Super Typhoon Zeb. Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2007-01-07.
- ^ a b Gary Padgett (November 29, 1998). "Monthly Tropical Cyclone Summary for October 1998". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Alex Best Track". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 1999. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
- ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (1999). 1998 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. pp. 28, 84–85. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-06.
- ^ "1998 Severe Tropical Storm CHIP (1998315N09116)". IBTracs. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
- ^ "At least 187 killed after Typhoon Dawn in central Vietnam". Agence France-Presse. ReliefWeb. November 27, 1998. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
- ^ Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (December 17, 1998). "Philippines —Typhoon Faith OCHA Situation Report No.1". Disaster Information Center. Archived from the original on March 17, 2005. Retrieved March 26, 2009.
- ^ Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (December 18, 1998). Vietnam —Storms and Floods OCHA Situation Report No.3. Disaster Information Center (Report). ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on March 17, 2005. Retrieved March 26, 2009.
External links
- Japan Meteorological Agency
- Joint Typhoon Warning Center Archived 2010-03-01 at the Wayback Machine.
- China Meteorological Agency
- National Weather Service Guam
- Hong Kong Observatory
- Macau Meteorological Geophysical Services
- Korea Meteorological Agency
- Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
- Taiwan Central Weather Bureau
- Satellite movie of 1998 Pacific typhoon season