2,4,6-Trichloroanisole

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2,4,6-Trichloroanisole
Chemical structure of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole
Ball-and-stick model of the 2,4,6-trichloroanisole molecule
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1,3,5-Trichloro-2-methoxybenzene
Other names
2,4,6-Trichloroanisole
TCA
2,4,6-Trichloromethoxybenzene
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.001.585 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 201-743-5
KEGG
RTECS number
  • MFCD00000588
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C7H5Cl3O/c1-11-7-5(9)2-4(8)3-6(7)10/h2-3H,1H3 checkY
    Key: WCVOGSZTONGSQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C7H5Cl3O/c1-11-7-5(9)2-4(8)3-6(7)10/h2-3H,1H3
    Key: WCVOGSZTONGSQY-UHFFFAOYAT
  • COc1c(Cl)cc(Cl)cc1Cl
  • Clc1cc(Cl)cc(Cl)c1OC
Properties
C7H5Cl3O
Molar mass 211.47 g·mol−1
Melting point 60 to 62 °C (140 to 144 °F; 333 to 335 K)
Boiling point 140 °C (284 °F; 413 K) at 28 Torr
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
H302, H319, H413
P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P330, P337+P313, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA) is a chemical compound that represents one of the strongest of off-flavors, substances "generated naturally in foods/beverages [that considerably] deteriorate the quality" of such products.[1][2] As of 2000, TCA was considered the primary chemical compound responsible for the phenomenon of cork taint in wines,[3][1] and it has an unpleasant earthy, musty and moldy smell.[2]

Chemically, TCA is a

Actinomycetes, Botrytis (e.g. Botrytis cinerea), Rhizobium, or Streptomyces.[7][8][6]

The

2,4,6-trichlorophenol, is used as a fungicide; more generally, related compounds can originate as contaminants found in some pesticides and wood preservatives, or as by-products of the chlorine bleaching process used to sterilize or bleach wood, paper, and other materials.[9]

TCA has also been suggested as cause of the "Rio defect" in coffees from Brazil and other parts of the world,[10] which refers to a taste described as "medicinal, phenolic, or iodine-like".[5] In investigation of the mechanism of its role in producing off-flavor effects, it was found to "attenuate olfactory transduction by suppressing cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, without evoking odorant responses."[1]

Further reading

  • Marsili, R. (2000). "Solid-Phase Microextraction: Food Technology Applications". In Wilson, Ian D. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Separation Science. New Yor, NY: Academic Press. pp. 4178–4190.
    ISBN 9780122267703
    . Over the last two decades, the incidence of mouldy and musty off-flavours in cork-sealed wines has increased significantly. 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA) has been identified as the primary chemical responsible for cork taint. The human olfactometry threshold for TCA is 4–10 ng L−1 in white wine and 50 ng L−1 in red wine. In the case of wine, a worldwide loss of roughly US$1 billion per year is attributed to cork taint.
  • Science Direct Staff (June 2023). "2-4-6-Trichloroanisole" (Science Direct citation sample/listing). Retrieved June 26, 2023.
  • Buser, H.R.; Zanier, C. & Tanner, H. (1982). "Identification of 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole as a Potent Compound Causing Cork Taint in Wine". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 30 (2): 359–362.
    doi:10.1021/jf00110a037.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) An early primary research report on the role of TCA in cork taint
    .

See also

References

  1. ^
    PMID 24043819.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)[non-primary source needed
    ]
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-12-374181-3
    .
  3. ISBN 9780122267703
    . Over the last two decades, the incidence of mouldy and musty off-flavours in cork-sealed wines has increased significantly. 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA) has been identified as the primary chemical responsible for cork taint. The human olfactometry threshold for TCA is 4–10 ng L−1 in white wine and 50 ng L−1 in red wine. In the case of wine, a worldwide loss of roughly US$1 billion per year is attributed to cork taint.
  4. ISBN 978-0-444-52967-1
    , retrieved 2024-01-14
  5. ^
    2,4,6-trichlorophenol
    is "the probable precursor of TCA".
  6. ^
    doi:10.1002/jib.230
    .
  7. ^ Crane, Louise (22 March 2019). "Trichloroanisole: Cork taint". Chemistry World. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
  8. ^ With regard to circumstantial evidence, Spodone, et al., op. cit., note that Rio off-flavor is associated with "beans heavily infested with various fungi (Aspergilli, Fusaria, Penicillia, Rhizopus, etc.) and bacteria (Lactobacilli, Streptrococci)".
  9. ^ NTP (National Toxicology Program). 2021. "2,4,6-Trichlorophenol", Report on Carcinogens, Fifteenth Edition. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-OTHER-1003
  10. ^ These include Central and South America.[citation needed]
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