5th United States Colored Heavy Artillery Regiment

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Coordinates: 32°26′N 91°06′W / 32.44°N 91.10°W / 32.44; -91.10
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9th Regiment, Louisiana Infantry (African Descent)
1st Regiment, Mississippi Colored Heavy Artillery
5th Regiment, U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery
ActiveMay 1, 1863 – May 20, 1866
Country United States of America
AllegianceUnion
BranchUnion Army
TypeInfantry
Heavy Artillery
SizeRegiment
EngagementsAmerican Civil War
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Col. Hermann Lieb

The 9th Louisiana Infantry (African Descent), later reorganized as 1st Mississippi Colored Heavy Artillery and then renamed 5th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery, was an

African-American regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It famously fought in the Battle of Milliken's Bend
; one of the earliest Civil War battles with African-American troops involved.

Original regimental organization and service

The creation of the regiment was authorized by

Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas, who had gone west to recruit colored troops, on April 14, 1863; and it was organized on May 1 at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Because of the irregular practice to establish all 10 companies at once and to divide new recruits equally among them, none of the companies had the needed strength to be mustered according to the regulations.[1] The 9th had an all-white officer corps that, with the exception of the regimental command staff, was entirely composed of former enlisted volunteer soldiers.[2]

The original regimental command and staff officers were:[2][3]

  • Colonel:
    8th Illinois Infantry
    )
  • Lieutenant Colonel: Charles L. Page (Captain,
    20th Illinois Infantry
    )
  • Major: Erastus N. Owen (1st Lt.,
    20th Ohio Infantry
    )
  • Adjutant: 1st Lt. Russell B. Neal (2nd Lt., 20th Ohio Infantry)
  • Quartermaster: 1st Lt. Charles M. Clark (Quartermaster Sergeant, 8th Illinois Infantry)

While participating in the

Battle of Young's Point. Afterwards the companies were restructured and finally, on August 7, 1863, the regiment was formally mustered into Federal service.[6]

Jack Jackson

One early recruit to join the regiment was named Jack Jackson. Jackson was said to be very large and strong-willed and quickly became a Sergeant in Company B. At some point Jackson joined the regimental recruiting parties; the officers were having trouble with convincing local field hands to join. Jackson's recruiting method was described as very forceful but ultimately successful.[7] At the Battle of Milliken's Bend one of Jackson's superior officers, Lieutenant David Cornwell, described the attack; saying that the 23rd Iowa was not behaving courageously but the three black infantry regiments offered great resistance. He said that Jackson, "Laid into a group of Texans... smashing in every head he could reach", and that, "Big Jack Jackson passed me like a rocket. With the fury of a tiger he sprang into that gang and crushed everything before him. There was nothing left of Jack's gun except the barrel and he was smashing everything he could reach. On the other side of the levee, they were yelling 'Shoot that big [soldier]!' while Jack was daring the whole gang to come up and fight him. Then a bullet reached his head and he fell full on the levee."[8][9]

Later reorganizations

Photo shows the graves of Pierre Perry and Abram Jones, US Colored Troops, at the Chalmette National Cemetery in New Orleans.
Two graves of US Colored Troops (USCT) at Chalmette National Cemetery in New Orleans, La.

In September 1863, still at Vicksburg, the regiment began a reorganization process owed to the formal establishment and enlargement of the

Yazoo City Expedition
.

The 5th was mustered out on May 20, 1866.[11] Its losses were given as 4 officers and 124 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded; 4 officers and 697 enlisted men dead by disease for a total of 829.[12][13][14]

Meanwhile, when the regiment received the Mississippi designation a new 9th Louisiana Infantry (African Descent) was formed. Like the old 9th, it was renamed with the formalization of the USCT; it became the

John Eaton, served in Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee, and was mustered out on January 9, 1866.[15]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Dobak, pp. 177, 183
  2. ^ a b Thomas
  3. ^ Barnickel; Officers of the 9th Louisiana Infantry, African Descent
  4. ^ Dobak, p. 184
  5. ^ Hargrove, p. 149
  6. ^ 9th Louisiana Infantry (African Descent); Civil War Archive
  7. ^ Smith pp. 108-109
  8. ^ Dobak, pp. 175, 183
  9. ^ Coates
  10. ^ Dobak, p. 180
  11. ^ Dobak, p. 475
  12. ^ Fox, William F., Lt.-Col., 'Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, 1861-1865', Albany, N.Y., 1889, p. 521.
  13. ^ 5th U.S. Colored Artillery; Civil War Archive
  14. ^ 5th Regiment, United States Colored Heavy Artillery; U.S. National Park Service
  15. ^ 63rd U.S. Colored Infantry; Civil War Archive

References

  • Dobak, William A. (2011). Freedom by the Sword: The U.S. Colored Troops, 1862-1867. Washington D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History.
    ISBN 1-7803-9234-6
    .
  • Thomas, Lorenzo (April 14, 1863). Special Orders No. 9. U.S. War Department.
  • Barnickel, Linda. "Milliken's Bend: A Civil War Battle in History and Memory". Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  • Hargrove, Hondon B. (2003). Black Union Soldiers in the Civil War. McFarland.
    ISBN 0-7864-1697-1
    .
  • Smith, John David (2002). Black Soldiers in Blue: African American Troops in the Civil War Era. University of North Carolina Press.
    ISBN 0-8078-2741-X
    .
  • Coates, Ta-Nahisi (April 16, 2010). "Honoring CHM: One War. Three Sides". The Atlantic. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  • "Union Regimental Histories". The Civil War Archive. Archived from the original on 2012-01-30. Retrieved 2017-04-15.
  • "The Civil War". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 15 April 2017.

External links

32°26′N 91°06′W / 32.44°N 91.10°W / 32.44; -91.10

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