Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis
| Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis | |
|---|---|
PAS stain. | |
| Specialty | Nephrology  |
| Symptoms | Hypertension[1] |
| Causes | Caused by Streptococcus bacteria [2] |
| Diagnostic method | Kidney biopsy, Complement profile[2] |
| Treatment | Low-sodium diet, Blood pressure management[2] |
| Frequency | 1.5 million (2015)[3] |
Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis is a disorder of the small blood vessels of the kidney. It is a common complication of bacterial infections, typically skin infection by Streptococcus bacteria types 12, 4 and 1 (impetigo) but also after streptococcal pharyngitis, for which it is also known as postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) or poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN).[4] It can be a risk factor for future albuminuria.[5] In adults, the signs and symptoms of infection may still be present at the time when the kidney problems develop, and the terms infection-related glomerulonephritis or bacterial infection-related glomerulonephritis are also used.[6] Acute glomerulonephritis resulted in 19,000 deaths in 2013, down from 24,000 deaths in 1990 worldwide.[7]
Signs and symptoms
Among the signs and symptoms of acute proliferative glomerulonephritis are the following:
Causes
Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis (post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis) is caused by an infection with streptococcus bacteria, usually three weeks after infection, usually of the pharynx or the skin, given the time required to raise antibodies and complement proteins.[11][12] The infection causes blood vessels in the kidneys to develop inflammation, this hampers the renal organs ability to filter urine.[citation needed] Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis most commonly occurs in children.[12]
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of this disorder is consistent with an
Complement activation is very important in acute proliferative glomerulonephritis. Apparently
Diagnosis
The following diagnostic methods can be used for acute proliferative glomerulonephritis:[2]
- Kidney biopsy
- Complement profile
- Imaging studies
- Blood chemistry studies
Clinically, acute proliferative glomerulonephritis is diagnosed following a differential diagnosis between (and, ultimately, diagnosis of) staphylococcal and streptococcal
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of acute proliferative glomerulonephritisis is based on the following:[citation needed]
- Causes of acute glomerulonephritis:
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Causes of generalized edema:
- Malnutrition
- Malabsorption
- Renal affection
- Liver cell failure
- Right side heart failure
- Angioedema
Prevention
It is unclear whether or not acute proliferative glomerulonephritis (i.e., poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis) can be prevented with early
Treatment
Acute management of acute proliferative glomerulonephritis mainly consists of
Epidemiology
Acute glomerulonephritis resulted in 19,000 deaths in 2013 down from 24,000 deaths in 1990.[7]
References
- ^ ISBN 9780763712235.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis Workup at eMedicine
- PMID 27733282.
- S2CID 13141765.
- S2CID 23172247.
- PMID 23302723.
- ^ PMID 25530442.
- ISBN 978-0-323-04883-5.
- ISBN 9781496310545.
- ISBN 9780323070584.
- ^ Marianne Gausche-Hill, Susan Fuchs, Loren Yamamoto, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Emergency Physicians. "APLS: The Pediatric Emergency Medicine Resource". Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2004.
- ^ a b "Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (GN): MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-10-31.
- PMID 17342179.
- PMID 18667731.
Further reading
- Group A Streptococcal Infections - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Wilkins, Lippincott Williams & (2004-01-01). Rapid Assessment: A Flowchart Guide to Evaluating Signs and Symptoms. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781582552729.
External links
