Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Eastern cottonmouth
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Viperidae
Genus: Agkistrodon
Species:
A. piscivorus
Subspecies:
A. p. piscivorus
Trinomial name
Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus
(Lacépède, 1789)
Geographic variation of A. piscivorus[1]
  A. p. piscivorus    Intergradation
Synonyms[2][3]
  • Crotalus piscivorus – Lacépède, 1789
  • Trigonocephalus piscivorus – Duméeril & Bibron, 1854
  • Ancistrodon piscivorus – Cope, 1860
  • Toxicophis piscivorus – Baird & Girard, 1853
  • Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus – Conant & Collins, 1991
Common names: Eastern cottonmouth, cottonmouth moccasin, water moccasin, moccasin[4][5]

Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus was formerly a

pitviper, one of three subspecies of Agkistrodon piscivorus, with different geographic distributions,[6] found in the southeastern United States
. However, recent taxonomic changes do not recognizes any subspecies of cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) as a valid taxa.

New Taxonomy

The eastern cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus)[4][5] was once classified as a subspecies of the cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus). However, DNA based studies published in 2008 and 2015, revealed no significant genetic difference between the eastern cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus) and the western cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) and synonymized the two subspecies (with the oldest published name, A. piscivorus, having priority). The resulting taxonomy does not recognizes the eastern cottonmouth (A. p. piscivorus) as a valid taxon.[7][8] Several subsequent reviews and species accounts have followed and supported the revised taxonomy.[9][10]: 437 p. [11] Information on this snake can be found in the Agkistrodon piscivorus article.

Description

Patterning on a younger specimen

This subspecies reaches 20–48 inches (51–121 cm) in length on average but has reached 74.5 inches (189 cm). The colour is mainly dark, and the body heavy. However younger specimens have red to brown crossbands, with a lighter brown background. The crossbands are spotted and speckled, and the tail sulphur coloured. The patterning darkens with time with many older adults being completely black.

The scales are keeled and dark broad stripes on the face disguise the eyes, which cannot be seen when viewed from above, and have a vertical (cat's-eye) slit like pupil. The eye is separated from the nostril by a deep facial pit.[3]

Geographic range

The United States in southeastern Virginia, the Atlantic Coastal Plain and lower Piedmont of North and South Carolina, including the banks, peninsulas and islands along the Atlantic coast, and west across Georgia (see map).

References

  1. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2
    .
  2. ISBN 1-893777-01-4
    (volume).
  3. ^ a b Florida Museum of Natural History: Eastern Cottonmouth
  4. ^
    ISBN 0-395-19977-8
    (pb).
  5. ^
    ISBN 0-8014-0463-0
    .
  6. ^ "Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  7. ^ Guiher TJ, Burbrink FT (2008). Demographic and phylogeographic histories of two venomous North American snakes of the genus Agkistrodon. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48: 543–553.
  8. ^ Burbrink, Frank T. and Timothy J. Guiher. 2014. Considering gene flow when using coalescent methods to delimit lineages of North American pitvipers of the genus Agkistrodon. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 173: 505–526.
  9. ISBN 978-1-946681-00-3
  10. ISBN 978-0-544-12997-9
  11. ^ Uetz P, Freed P, Aguilar R, Hošek J (editors) (2021). The Reptile Database, Agkistrodon piscivorus (accessed 6 August 2021)

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Agkistrodon piscivorus.
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