Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah
Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah | |||||
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Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah | |||||
1st Bahmani Sultan | |||||
Monarch | 3 August 1347 – 10 February 1358 | ||||
Successor | Mohammed Shah I | ||||
Born | Zafar Khan 1290–1292[1][2] | ||||
Died | 10 February 1358[3] | (aged 65–66)||||
Burial | |||||
Issue | Sultan Muhammed Shah I, Prince Mahmud, Prince Dawood | ||||
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Ala-ud-Din Hasan Bahman Shah (Persian: علاء الدين بهمن شاه; died 10 February 1358)[4] whose original name was Zafar Khan or Hasan Gangu, was the founder of the Bahmani Sultanate.
Ancestry and early life
Hasan Gangu, the founder of the Bahmani Sultanate, was either of
In 1339, Zafar Khan participated in an uprising against the
He was made a governor. Zafar Khan rose to power during the
Military campaigns
Ala-ud-din Bahman Shah aspired to expand his dominion as far as Rameshwaram, Ma'abar, or the Coromandel Coast, and subsequently aimed to conquer territories such as Malwa, Gujarat, Gwalior, and Delhi itself. However, his advisor, Malik Saifuddin Ghori, cautioned against this endeavor, citing the dense jungles and challenging terrain in the southern regions as unsuitable for a successful campaign.[27] Instead, Malik advised the king to first pacify the Deccan plateau before advancing towards Malwa and Gujarat. Following this counsel, the king directed his military commanders to subdue various areas in the Deccan still held by those opposing his rule. Husain Gurshasp was tasked with Kotgir and Qandhar (Nanded), Raziud-din Qutb ul-Mulk with the southwest, Malik Maqbul (now Qir Khan) with Kalyani, Sikandar Khan with Telangana, and Ainu’d-din Kwaja-i Jahan led the army from Miraj to Gulbarga.[27]
Capture of Kodgir
The initial campaign was led by Gurshasp, who learned en route to Kodgir that the Tughlaq garrison stationed at Qandhar had switched allegiance to a new ruler, prompting the Hindu general Akraj to flee into the forests. Gurshasp then proceeded towards Qandhar, where he personally accepted the garrison's allegiance on behalf of Ala-ud-din Bahman Shah. Subsequently, he advanced towards Kodgir, compelling its garrison to surrender and securing the city without resorting to plunder, opting instead to safeguard both the city and its populace.[28]
Subjugation of Southwest region
Qutb ul-Mulk, dispatched to the southwest, successfully seized control of Maram, Mahendri, and Akkalkot, renaming the latter as Sayedabad. He issued a decree granting pardon to all who pledged allegiance. Furthermore, Qutb returned all confiscated possessions to their rightful owners and ensured the safety of local Hindu landlords. He strictly prohibited any plunder by his troops. Despite commanding a relatively small army, Qutb ul-Mulk's efficient leadership brought the entire region under the protection of Daulatabad.[28]
Siege of Kalyan fort
Qir Khan embarked on the mission to seize the formidable Kalyan fort, later known as the Basavakalyan fort, but encountered resistance as it was unprepared to yield. Following a grueling five-month siege, the Tughlaq garrison finally capitulated. Qir Khan accepted their surrender, ensuring the safety of all lives and properties within the fort.[28]
Reign
Upon establishing an independent kingdom, Zafar Khan took the title of Abu'l-Muzaffar Ala-ud-din Bahman Shah.
Bahman Shah led his first campaign against Warangal in 1350 and forced its ruler Kapaya Nayaka to cede to him the fortress of Kaulas. His kingdom was divided into four provinces and he appointed a governor for each province.[30] During his reign Hasan fought many wars with Vijayanagara. By the time of his death the kingdom stretched from north to south from the Wainganga River to Krishna and east to west from Bhongir to Daulatabad.[31]
He was succeeded by his son Mohammed Shah I after his death in 1358.[31]
References
- ^ Sherwani 1946, Alauddin Hassan Shah Bahamani pp.69.
- ^ History of the Deccan. Mittal Publications. 1990. p. 15.
This man was called Hasan. He was born in the year 1290 (A.D.) and was in very humble circumstances.
- ^ Briggs 1909, Death of Alauddin Hassan Shah Bahamani pp. 297.
- ^ Shokoohy, Mehrdad (ed.), "Alauddin Hassan Shah Bahamani", Encyclopædia Iranica
- ISBN 9781476608884.
Zafar Khan alias Alauddin Hasan Gangu ('Ala al-Din Hasan Bahman Shah), an Afghan or a Turk soldier, revolted against Delhi and established the Muslim Kingdom of Bahmani on August 3 in the South (Madura) and ruled as Sultan Alauddin Bahman Shah.
- ^ Kulke & Rothermund 2004, p. 181: "The Bahmani sultanate of the Deccan Soon after Muhammad Tughluq left Daulatabad, the city was conquered by Zafar Khan, a Turkish or Afghan officer of unknown descent, had earlier participated in a mutiny of troops in Gujarat."
- ISBN 9781843449232.
In the early fourteenth century, the Muslim Bahmani kingdom of the Deccan emerged following Alauddin's conquest of the south. Zafar Khan, an Afghan general and governor appointed by Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, was victorious against the troops of the Delhi Sultanate, establishing the Bahmani kingdom with its capital at Ahsanabad (modern-day Gulbarga).
- ^ "Ḥasan Gāngu". Encyclopædia Iranica.
- ISBN 9781108417747.
- ISBN 9781843449232.
- ^ Bhattacharya, Sachchidananada. A Dictionary of Indian History (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1972) p. 100
- ^ Cathal J. Nolan (2006). The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650: An Encyclopedia of Global ..., Volym 1. pp. 437.
- ^ Chopdar (1951). The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi sultanate. p. 248.
- ^ Chandra 2004, p. 177.
- ^ Majumdar 1967, p. 248.
- ^ Chopdar (20 April 1967). History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 248.
- ^ Prashad, Baini (1939). The Tabaqat-i-akbari Of Khwajah Nizamuddin Ahmad Vol.iii. Banasthali. p. 3.
- ^ a b Jayanta Gaḍakarī (2000). Hindu Muslim Communalism. p. 140.
- ISBN 978-0-226-55571-3.
- ISBN 978-0-19-579148-8.
- ^ Husaini (Saiyid.), Abdul Qadir (1960). Bahman Shāh, the Founder of the Bahmani Kingdom. Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay. p. 60-63.
- )
- ISBN 9789332500983.
- ^
Mahajan, V.D. (1991). History of Medieval India, Part I, New Delhi:S. Chand, ISBN 81-219-0364-5, pp.279–80
- ^ a b Bhattacharya. Indian History. p. 928
- ^ Proceedings, Indian History Congress (Part 2 ed.). Indian History Congress. 2007. p. 1443. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
- ^ a b Sherwani, Haroon Khan (1985). The Bahmanis of the Deccan. Munshiram Manoharlal. pp. 51–52.
- ^ a b c Sherwani 1985, p. 53.
- ^ Bhattacharya 1972, p. 100.
- ^ a b Majumdar 1967, pp. 249–250.
- ^ a b Bhattacharya. Indian History. p. 929
Sources
- ISBN 978-0-415-58061-8
- Bhattacharya, Sachchidananada (1972), A Dictionary of Indian History, Westport: Greenwood Press
- Chandra, Satish (2004), Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One, Har-Anand Publications, ISBN 978-81-241-1064-5
- Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004), A History of India (Fourth ed.), Routledge, ISBN 9780415329194
- Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1967), The Delhi Sultanate, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
- Briggs, John, ed. (1909), History of the Mohommedan powers in india till 1612,Vol 2
- Sherwani, H K, ed. (1946), History of the Bahmani dynasty-An Objective study