Allocalicium

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Allocalicium
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Caliciales
Family: Caliciaceae
Genus: Allocalicium
M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
Species:
A. adaequatum
Binomial name
Allocalicium adaequatum
(
Nyl.
) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Calicium adaequatum Nyl. (1869)
  • Embolidium adaequatum (Nyl.)
    Vain.
    (1927)
  • Embolidium adaequatum var. umbrinella Räsänen (1939)
  • Calicium hemisphaericum G.E.Howard (1955)

Allocalicium is a single-species fungal

pin lichen species Allocalicium adaequatum. This lichen occurs in North America, South America, Europe, and the Russian Far East, where it grows on branches and twigs of deciduous trees and shrubs, typically those of alder and poplar. The species was originally described in 1869 as a member of Calicium, but molecular phylogenetics
analysis demonstrated it was not a member of that genus and so Allocalicium was created to contain it.

Allocalicium is characterised by a

green algal genus Trebouxia
.

Taxonomy

Allocalicium was

Washington state,[9] was placed into synonymy with A. adequatum in 1975 by the pin lichen specialist Leif Tibell.[2]

In an analysis of the systematics of the Caliciaceae using molecular phylogenetics, Prieto and Wedin discovered that the lichen was one of several Calicium species that did not group with other members of the genus. The generic name Allocalicium combines the Greek prefix allo ("strange") with the name of its former genus.[3] One vernacular name used in North America is "shrub stubble".[10]

Allocalicium is closely related to

phylogenetic relationship between the two taxa was unexpected, as Tholurna is fruticose (shrubby) and Calicium is crustose.[12]

Description

Spirally ornamented spores of Allocalicium

Allocalicium typically has a

Spores have a single septum, and measure 11 by 4.5–5.5 μm.[3] The spores have a surface ornamentation consisting of spirally arranged ridges.[3] This ornamentation is created through the uneven breaking of the spore wall's outermost layer.[11]

In a study of pin lichen (i.e.,

Abies species.[15]

The

green algal genus Trebouxia. No secondary metabolites (lichen products) have been detected in this species.[14]

The appearance of Phaeocalicium polyporaeum is reminiscent of Allocalicium adaequatum due to its small stature, dark head, and lighter olive-brown stems. This similar species can be distinguished by its uniquely obconically shaped head and its substrate preference: the fruiting bodies of polypore fungi.[16]

Habitat and distribution

Allocalicium adaequatum grows on thin branches and twigs of the species

Salix.[3] Specimens collected from Switzerland, in contrast, have all been recorded on sycamore.[13] It prefers locales with high humidity, and is often found along streams in well-lit areas of swamps.[3] On the West Coast of northern North America, the distribution of the lichen extends as far north as Alaska.[17] It was reported as new to eastern North America in 2013 when it was collected in New Brunswick.[18] It has also been recorded in South America,[19] Europe[20] (including Finland,[21] Germany,[22] Switzerland,[13] and Ukraine[23]) and the Russian Far East.[24] It is on the Swedish red list of threatened species.[25] In Asia, it has been reported to occur in Thailand.[26]

In a study conducted in the Wells Gray Provincial Park, located in east-central British Columbia, Canada, Allocalicium adaequatum has been observed exclusively in forest stands that are older than approximately 300 years. Despite its association with old stands, the lichen has also been found on the young branches of shrubs, specifically alder (Alnus), which are more typically found in mid-seral stands, indicating a broader ecological range than previously characterised.[27] A previous study conducted in Northern Europe similarly concluded that A. adaequatum could be used as a reliable indicator species of forest continuity.[28]

References

  1. Species Fungorum
    . Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  2. ^
    ISBN 91-554-0270-4
    .
  3. ^
    doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0372-y
    .
  4. ^ Nylander, W. (1869). "Addenda nova ad lichenographiam Europaeam. Continuatio duodecima" [New additions to European lichenography. Twelfth continuation]. Flora (Regensburg) (in Latin). 52: 409–413.
  5. ^ Vainio, E.A. (1927). "Lichenographia Fennica III. Coniocarpeae" [Finnish Lichenography III. Coniocarpeae]. Acta Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in Latin). 57 (1): 61.
  6. ^ Räsänen, Veli (1939). "Die Flechtenflora der nördlichen Küstengegend am Laatokka-See" [The Lichen Flora of the Northern Coastal Region of Lake Ladoga]. Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae 'vanamo' (in Latin): 191.
  7. ^ "Record Details: Embolidium adaequatum (Nyl.) Vain., Acta Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 57(no. 1): 61 (1927)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  8. ^ "Record Details: Embolidium adaequatum var. umbrinella Räsänen, Ann. bot. Soc. Zool.-Bot. fenn. Vanamo 12(no. 1): 191 (1939)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  9. JSTOR 3240100
    .
  10. OCLC 31651418
    .
  11. ^
    PMID 15000241
    .
  12. doi:10.1017/S0953756203239046
    .
  13. ^
    doi:10.15553/c2010v652a17
    .
  14. ^
    doi:10.2478/som-1987-0001
    .
  15. ^ Rikkinen, Jouko (2003). "Calicioid lichens and fungi in the forests and woodlands of western Oregon". Acta Botanica Fennica. 2003 (175): 1–41 [14].
  16. doi:10.1017/S0024282981000066
    .
  17. ISBN 978-3-443-58093-3
    .
  18. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-116.3.248
    .
  19. ISBN 978-3-443-58050-6
    .
  20. ISBN 978-9197286336
    .
  21. ^ Pykälä, Juha; Lommi, Sampsa (2021). "Lichen flora of Finland – short history of Finnish lichenology and updated species statistics". Memoranda Societatis Fauna Flora Fennica. 97: 73–88.
  22. ^ Eichler, Marion; Cezanne, Rainer; Teuber, Dietmar (2010). "Ergänzungen zur Liste der Flechten und flechtenbewohnenden Pilze Hessens. Zweite Folge" [Additions to the list of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Hesse. Second part] (PDF). Botanik und Naturschutz in Hessen (in German). 23: 89–110 [93].
  23. doi:10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.8
    .
  24. ^ Titov, Alexander N.; Kuznetsova, Ekaterina S.; Himelbrant, Dmitry E. (2004). "Calicioid lichens and fungi from the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia". In Thor, Göran; Nordin, Anders; Hedberg, Inga (eds.). Contributions to Lichen Taxonomy and Biogeography. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses. Vol. 34. pp. 455–464.
  25. doi:10.1023/A:1008807729048
    .
  26. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.23.12666
    .
  27. doi:10.1017/S0024282918000324
    .
  28. ^ Tibell, Leif (1992). "Crustose lichens as indicators of forest continuity in boreal coniferous forests". Nordic Journal of Botany. 12 (4): 427–450.
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