Ambient pressure
The ambient pressure on an object is the pressure of the surrounding medium, such as a gas or liquid, in contact with the object.[1]
Atmosphere
Within the atmosphere, the ambient pressure decreases as elevation increases. By measuring ambient
Underwater
The ambient pressure in water with a free surface is a combination of the
Ambient-pressure diving is underwater diving exposed to the water pressure at depth, rather than in a pressure-excluding atmospheric diving suit or a submersible.
Other environments
The concept is not limited to environments frequented by people. Almost any place in the universe will have an ambient pressure, from the hard vacuum of deep space to the interior of an exploding supernova. At extremely small scales the concept of pressure becomes irrelevant, and it is undefined at a gravitational singularity.[citation needed]
Units of pressure
The SI unit of pressure is the
Examples of ambient pressure in various environments
Pressures are given in terms of the normal ambient pressure experienced by humans – standard atmospheric pressure at sea level on earth.
Environment | Typical ambient pressure in standard atmospheres
|
---|---|
Hard vacuum of outer space | 0 atm |
Surface of Mars, average | 0.006 atm [2] |
Top of Mount Everest – 8,849 m (29,032 ft) | 0.333 atm [3] |
Pressurized passenger aircraft cabin altitude 8,000 ft (2,400 m) | 0.76 atm[4] |
Sea level atmospheric pressure | 1 atm |
Surface of Titan | 1.45 atm |
10 m depth in seawater | 2 atm |
20 m depth in seawater | 3 atm |
Recreational diving depth limit (40 m)[5] | 5 atm |
Common technical diving depth limit (100 m)[6][7] | 11 atm |
Experimental ambient pressure dive maximum (Maximum ambient pressure a human has survived)[8] |
54 atm |
Surface of Venus | 92 atm [9] |
1 km depth in seawater | 101 atm |
Deepest point in the Earth's oceans[10] | 1100 atm |
Centre of the Earth
|
3.3 to 3.6 million atm[11] |
Centre of Jupiter | 30 to 45 million atm[12] |
Centre of the sun | 244 billion atm [13] |
References
- ^ McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms Copyright © 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. "Sci-Tech Dictionary ambient pressure on Answers.com". McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ISBN 978-3-642-03629-3.
- ^ "Online high altitude oxygen calculator". altitude.org. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2007.
- ^ K. Baillie and A. Simpson. "Altitude oxygen calculator". Retrieved 2013-11-27. - Online interactive altitude oxygen calculator
- ISBN 1-878663-01-1.
- ^ "Trimix Diver - IANTD - World Headquarter". Archived from the original on 2013-09-03. Retrieved 2013-06-16.
- ^ "TDI Advanced Trimix Diver".
- ^ Comex S.A. HYDRA 8 and HYDRA 10 test projects Archived August 4, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Venus: Facts & Figures". NASA. Archived from the original on 2006-09-29. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
- ^ "Scientists map Mariana Trench, deepest known section of ocean in the world". The Telegraph. 7 December 2011. Archived from the original on 8 December 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
- ^ David. R. Lide, ed. (2006–2007). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). pp. j14–13. Archived from the original on 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
- ISBN 0-8160-5196-8.
- ^ Williams, David R. (September 1, 2004). "Sun Fact Sheet". NASA. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
Further reading
- Damon, Edward G; Gaylord, Charles S; Hicks, William; Yelverton, John T; Richmond, Donald R; White, Clayton S. "The effects of ambient pressure on tolerance of mammals to air blast". Albuquerque: Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
- Frost, David Lawrence; Sturtevant, Bradford (1986). "Effects of ambient pressure on the instability of a liquid boiling explosively at the superheat limit". Journal of Heat Transfer. 108 (2). Caltech Library: 418–24. doi:10.1115/1.3246940. Archived from the originalon December 12, 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2010.