Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations
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Historically, Angola has been closely involved in Congolese politics, taking part in the 1997 war to oust Mobutu Sese Seko from power. It then intervened during the Second Congo War in 1998 on the side of the new administration under Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Since the end of the conflict, the Angolan government remained an ally of President Joseph Kabila and supported him militarily. However, Angola's focus on stability in the DRC, compared to Kabila's attempts to remain in power and postponement of elections since the end of his term in December 2016, leading to mass protests, have led to a cooling in relations between the two countries.[2]
Since 2003, Angola has regularly conducted mass expulsions of irregular Congolese immigrants. In 2012, Human Rights Watch reported upon the "degrading and inhuman treatment", including sexual violence, of Congolese migrants during state-sanctioned expulsions.[3] These claims centred on expulsions from the Angolan provinces of Cabinda and Lunda Norte to the Congolese provinces of Kongo Central and Kasaï-Occidental.
About 30,000 Congolese refugees fleeing from violence in the Kasaï-Central region of the DRC due to the Kamwina Nsapu rebellion that began in August 2016 entered Angola. By late 2017, several thousand returned to Congo.[4] In October 2018, about 300,000 Congolese fled Angola, many of them in response to violence in the mining town Lucapa;[5] DRC's foreign minister Léonard She Okitundu summoned Angola's ambassador over the expulsion, demanding a “comprehensive investigation to establish who is responsible for these wrongful acts”.[6]
See also
- Foreign relations of Angola
- Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Mundindi Didi Kilengo
References
- ^ CIA World Factbook – Democratic Republic of the Congo, retrieved 29 January 2020
- ^ Vines, Alex (21 August 2017). The DRC Will Be the First Foreign Policy Priority for Angola’s New President. Chatham House. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
- ^ "Angola: Stop Rape, Abuse of Congolese Migrants". Human Rights Watch. 2012-05-21. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
- ^ Quarter of DRC refugees in Angola 'have gone home'. News24. Published 13 October 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
- ^ Giulia Paravicini and Stephen Eisenhammer (October 25, 2018), Three days of violence that emptied an Angolan town of Congolese Reuters.
- ^ Giulia Paravicini (October 16, 2018), Congo accuses Angola of violent expulsions, Luanda denies Reuters.
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